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Molecular characterization of human astrovirus infection in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran, 2021–2022: co-infection with rotavirus

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Abstract

Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are considered important causative pathogens of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under 5 years of age worldwide, along with group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), and enteric adenovirus (EAdV). The present study was aimed to both detect HAstV and its co-infections and investigate genetic analysis of circulating HAstV and co-infected virus in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with AGE in Iran. Accordingly, a sum of 200 stool specimens were screened by PCR for HAstV during 2021–2022. The HAstV was found in 0.5% of 200 specimens (n = 1) while was co-infected with RVA. The genetic and phylogenetic analysis indicated HAstV1 genotype, which clustered with viruses from lineage 1b, which has not been previously reported in Iran. The detected RVA strain belonged to G1 lineage II/P[8]-lineage III, which has been reported previously in Iran as the most common strain. The further genetic analysis of RVA VP6 and NSP4 demonstrated an atypical genotype pattern G1P[8]-I1-E2, as a mono-reassortant of a Wa-like genogroup, which appeared to be reassorted with the NSP4 gene of E2 genotype of the G2P[4] DS-1 genogroup. Although the clinical outcomes of the AGE-causing viruses co-infection is not yet entirely clear, it seems that future studies will be helpful to merge clinical and epidemiological data of co-infecting viruses for a more accurate medical and clinical relevance in symptomatic children.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The present study has been funded and supported by the Pasteur Institute of Iran (grant No. 1175) and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant No.65215).

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  1. Atefeh Kachooei and Mahtab Mirhoseinian contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Atefeh Kachooei, Mahsa Feizi, Zahra Shahosseini, Arash Arashkia & Zabihollah Shoja

  2. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Atefeh Kachooei

  3. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahtab Mirhoseinian, Somayeh Jalilvand & Sayed Mahdi Marashi

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA

    Tayebeh Latifi

  5. Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Arash Arashkia & Zabihollah Shoja

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Contributions

A.K. and M. M: Specimens collection, methodology, investigation, visualization. M.F. and Z.S: Specimens collection, Investigation. T.L: data collection and analysis. S.J., A.A., and SM.M: Supervision, writing-review, and editing. Z.S: conceptualization, supervision, methodology, visualization, and writing-original draft.

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Correspondence to Somayeh Jalilvand or Zabihollah Shoja.

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Kachooei, A., Mirhoseinian, M., Jalilvand, S. et al. Molecular characterization of human astrovirus infection in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran, 2021–2022: co-infection with rotavirus. Virus Genes (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-024-02075-6

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