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Discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus in the endangered rowi kiwi, Apteryx rowi

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Abstract

Circoviruses are circular, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses around 2000 nucleotides (nt) in length and include the pathogenic species, Porcine circovirus 1 and Beak and feather disease virus, capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality. This group of viruses may be robust to degradation by external environments, and avian circoviruses are known to move between closely related hosts. Using a de novo metagenomic approach, followed by confirmatory PCR, we identify for the first time a circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus in New Zealand kiwi, Apteryx spp., derived from faecal matter of the rowi kiwi (A. rowi) showing signs of verminous dermatitis. The entire 2085 nt genome was cloned and sequenced and contains both capsid and replicase genes, as well as a conserved 9 nt motif. Phylogenetic analyses place it within Circoviridae, adjacent to other environmental CRESS-DNA viruses, and most closely related to badger circovirus-like virus (Meles meles circovirus-like virus). As the rowi is the most critically endangered kiwi, it is vital to understand the role of rowi kiwi circovirus-like virus as a possible pathogen and also any potential cross-species transmission.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our thanks to staff at Wellington Zoo who assisted with the sample collection. We acknowledge the provision of sequencing by New Zealand Genomics Limited, with special thanks to Lorraine Berry at the Massey Genome Service (Massey University, New Zealand). We also wish to acknowledge the contribution of the NeSI high-performance computing facilities and the staff at the Centre for eResearch at the University of Auckland. This work was funded by the Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment as part of the Crown Research Institute Capability Fund allocation to Landcare Research and ESR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand

    Daniel J. White & Duckchul Park

  2. Health Programme, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, 66 Ward Street, Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, 5013, New Zealand

    Richard J. Hall, Jing Wang & Nicole E. Moore

  3. Department of Conservation, 18-32 Manners Street, PO Box 6011, Wellington, New Zealand

    Kate McInnes

  4. Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand

    Brett D. Gartrell

  5. Landcare Research, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Daniel M. Tompkins

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  1. Daniel J. White
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Correspondence to Daniel J. White.

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Edited by Keizo Tomonaga.

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White, D.J., Hall, R.J., Wang, J. et al. Discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus in the endangered rowi kiwi, Apteryx rowi . Virus Genes 52, 727–731 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1342-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1342-x

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