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Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 variants with polybasic F protein cleavage site but strikingly different pathogenicity

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Abstract

Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) isolated from pigeons (pigeon paramyxovirus type 1; PPMV-1) are mostly of mesogenic pathotype and characterized by a polybasic amino acid sequence motif at the fusion protein (F) cleavage site. This feature also applies to isolate R75/98 from Germany. Its genome consists of 15,192 nucleotides and it specifies an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of 1.1, as is typical for mesogenic NDV. Recombinant R75/98 (rR75/98) derived by reverse genetics also possesses a polybasic F protein cleavage site but exhibits ICPI of 0.28, indicating a lentogenic virus. While ten virus passages of rR75/98 on embryonated chicken eggs did not result in any alteration of virus characteristics, virus which had been re-isolated from the brain of an intracerebrally inoculated chicken showed an increase in virulence, characterized by an ICPI of 0.93. Comparison of whole genome sequences of rR75/98 and re-isolated rR75/98 (RrR75/98) demonstrated only two amino acid differences, one in the F protein (N472 K) and one in the polymerase protein (K2168R). This result indicates that only very few amino acid alterations are sufficient to modulate virus virulence in the presence of a polybasic amino acid sequence at the proteolytic F protein cleavage site.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Martina Lange for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported in part by MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

    Sandra Heiden, Thomas C. Mettenleiter & Angela Römer-Oberdörfer

  2. Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

    Christian Grund & Dirk Höper

Authors
  1. Sandra Heiden
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  2. Christian Grund
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  5. Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
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Correspondence to Angela Römer-Oberdörfer.

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Heiden, S., Grund, C., Höper, D. et al. Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 variants with polybasic F protein cleavage site but strikingly different pathogenicity. Virus Genes 49, 502–506 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1111-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1111-7

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