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Genetic characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from a vaccinated duck flock in Vietnam

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Abstract

This study reports the genetic characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 isolated from a moribund domestic duck in central Vietnam during 2012. In the moribund duck’s flock, within 6 days after vaccination with a commercial H5N1 vaccine (Re-5) to 59-day-old birds, 120 out of 2,000 ducks died. Genetic analysis revealed a substantial number of mutations in the HA gene of the isolate in comparison with the vaccine strains, Re-1 and Re-5. Similar mutations were also found in selected Vietnamese H5N1 strains isolated since 2009. Mutations in the HA gene involved positions at antigenic sites associated with antibody binding and also neutralizing epitopes, with some of the mutations resulting in the modification of N-linked glycosylation of the HA. Those mutations may be related to the escape of virus from antibody binding and the infection of poultry, interpretations which may be confirmed through a reverse genetics approach. The virus also carried an amino acid substitution in the M2, which conferred a reduced susceptibility to amantadine, but no neuraminidase inhibitor resistance markers were found in the viral NA gene. Additional information including vaccination history in the farm and the surrounding area is needed to fully understand the background of this outbreak. Such understanding and expanded monitoring of the H5N1 influenza viruses circulating in Vietnam is an urgent need to provide updated information to improve effective vaccine strain selection and vaccination protocols, aiding disease control, and biosecurity to prevent H5N1 infection in both poultry and humans.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank staffs in National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), Vietnam, for their technical assistance. This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Bilateral Joint Projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan, the Heiwa Nakajima Foundation, Japan, the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID contracts HHSN2662007000010C), and with the contribution from the NIVR project funded by MARD of Vietnam on the Study to generate poultry influenza inactivated H5N1 vaccine derived from the local isolates of Vietnam.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Hokkaido, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan

    Vuong Nghia Bui, Haruko Ogawa, Dai Quang Trinh & Kunitoshi Imai

  2. National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Vuong Nghia Bui, Dai Quang Trinh, Tham Hong Thi Nguyen, Nga Thi Pham, Duc Anh Truong, Anh Ngoc Bui & Khong Viet Nguyen

  3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Jonathan Runstadler

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  1. Vuong Nghia Bui
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  2. Haruko Ogawa
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Correspondence to Haruko Ogawa.

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Bui, V.N., Ogawa, H., Trinh, D.Q. et al. Genetic characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from a vaccinated duck flock in Vietnam. Virus Genes 49, 278–285 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1089-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1089-1

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