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The panorama of the diversity of H5 subtype influenza viruses

Virus Genes volume 34, pages 283–287 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

To elucidate the global diversity of H5 influenza viruses from a dynamic view, haemagglutinin (HA) sequences of 170 isolates were selected and analyzed in this study. Our results showed that H5 influenza isolates could be divided into two distinct lineages that circulated in the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, respectively. This may be due to the separate migration routes and habitats of birds in the two hemispheres. The two distinct lineages, having existed at least for decades, possibly began divergence in 1850s. Each of the two distinct HA lineages could be further divided into some sublineages, but there was little correlation between the minor lineages and their isolation places, isolation time, neuraminidase subtypes, host species or virulence. The panorama of the diversity of H5 influenza viruses presented here integrated all known H5 epidemics including the current severe H5N1 avian epidemics in the Eastern Hemisphere and suggested that H5 virulent viruses could originate from multiple sublineages and associate with multiple NA subtypes. Our study provided a framework for the studies on the evolution and epidemiology of H5 influenza viruses.

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Fig. 1

Notes

  1. The accession numbers of the 170 sequences in the influenza sequence database were (1) H5N1: AB233321, AF036356, AF082040, AF082043, AF098539, AF144305, AY585369, AY585371, AY585372, AY653200, AY676035, DQ230521, DQ236077, DQ320897, DQ334768, DQ406728, DQ407519, DQ440535, DQ447199, ISDN124036, S68489, U79453, X07869; (2) H5N2: AB241614, AF082042, AF098537, AF100180, AF164655∼AF164665, AF194169, AF194990, AF194991, AJ305306, AJ621811, AJ632269, AY296064∼AY296083, AY497065∼AY497088, AY497093∼AY497095, AY573917, AY684894, AY849793, AY995883∼AY995885, AY995889, AY995896, CY005575, CY005918, DQ092869, DQ104701, DQ122147, DQ256383, DQ387854, J04325, L46587, M10243, U05330∼U05332, U28920, U37172, U37174, U37179, U37181, U37182, U79449, U79450, U79454; (3) H5N3: AB241615, AB241616, AB241617, AB241619, AB241621∼AB241626, AF082038, AF082039, AF290443, AF303057, AJ621807, AJ632268, AY296084, AY296085, AY995891, AY995895, CY005926, CY006028, ISDN49024, U20460, U79452; (4) H5N6: AF082041, AY995892, U79451; (5) H5N7: AY531029, CY005927, CY005969; (6) H5N8: AY296086, M18450, M18451; (7) H5N9: AF194992, AY995886∼AY995888, AY995890, AY995893, AY995894, AY995897, AY995898, M30122, U67783, U79456; (8) NA unknown: AY950235, AY950236, U69277.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all researchers who isolated H5 influenza viruses or reported the haemagglutinin sequences of H5 to the online database and anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. This work was supported by grants from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2003BA712A04–04).

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  1. Chinese Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology, Nanjing Road 369#, Qingdao, 266032, China

    Hong-Chao Ma, Ji-Ming Chen, Ying-Xue Sun, Jin-Ming Li & Zhi-Liang Wang

  2. Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Ji-Wang Chen

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  1. Hong-Chao Ma
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Correspondence to Ji-Ming Chen.

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Ma, HC., Chen, JM., Chen, JW. et al. The panorama of the diversity of H5 subtype influenza viruses. Virus Genes 34, 283–287 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0018-3

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Keywords

  • Haemagglutinin
  • Lineage
  • H5
  • Influenza virus
  • Evolution
  • Diversity