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Rapid identification of canine uropathogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the clinical factors that correlated bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance

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Abstract

Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method for bacterial diagnosis, rapid urine sample preparation can reduce time relapsing of diagnosis and improve discriminatory power in coinfection cases. We aimed to evaluate rapid urine preparation procedures before MALDI-TOF MS application using dog clinical urine samples in comparison with standard microbiological diagnostic methods by agreement analysis. We determined the frequency and distribution of bacteria and bacterial resistance and their correlations to clinical history. Three experimental procedures comprising direct centrifugation, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate digestion, and ultrasonic preparation were performed for method validation and sensitivity. Sterile urine containing Escherichia coli and/or Staphylococcus aureus were used as simulated samples. By ultrasonic preparation, the microorganisms could be detected 1.46–1.51 × 105 CFU, which was considered the most suitable technique. This preparation was significantly consistent with the routine method based on data from Hospital Information Systems for 50 urine samples from canine cystitis. By standard protocol, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were found in most of the 155 urine samples with cystitis. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 25–30% of the samples. Imipenem resistance was found in 70% of Acinetobacter baumannii cases; almost all were resistant to second-generation fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. The most efficient antibiotic for treating bacterial urinary tract infection was amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. A. baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to pradofloxacin. Prolonged urine catheterization was linked to lower urinary tract infections by Enterobacter spp., which also correlated with chronic kidney disease.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Academic Affair, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. The team from World Tech Enterprise Ltd., Thailand, provided instruction on sample preparation for MALDI-TOF analysis. We are appreciative to the veterinarians and the Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Veterinary Science’s Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for their assistance in gathering the necessary data.

Funding

This research project was supported by Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Artitaya Pinthanon, Chayanan Nithitarnwat, Chadaporn Pintapin, Chonradee Siripanee, Jitrapa Yindee & Nuvee Prapasarakul

  2. Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Nutthee Am-in

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Sawang Kesdangsakonwut

  4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Sirilak Surachetpong

  5. Center of Excellence in Diagnostic and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Nuvee Prapasarakul

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  1. Artitaya Pinthanon
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  9. Nuvee Prapasarakul
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Nuvee Prapasarakul; Methodology: Nutthee Am-in, Sawang kesdangsakonwut, Sirilak Surachetpong; Formal analysis and investigation: Artitaya Pinthanon, Chayanan Nithitarnwat, Chadaporn Pintapin, Chonradee Siripanee, Jitrapa Yindee; Writing - original draft preparation: Artitaya Pinthanon, Chayanan Nithitarnwat, Chadaporn Pintapin, Chonradee Siripanee, Nutthee Am-in; Writing - review and editing: Nuvee Prapasarakul; Funding acquisition: Nuvee Prapasarakul.

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Correspondence to Nuvee Prapasarakul.

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This experiment was approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Science Institutional Biosafety Committee (agreement no. IBC2031056).

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No ethical approval was required as this study used clinical samples from a diagnostic laboratory.

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Pinthanon, A., Nithitarnwat, C., Pintapin, C. et al. Rapid identification of canine uropathogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the clinical factors that correlated bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance. Vet Res Commun 47, 1457–1469 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-023-10096-z

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