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Replacing fish meal with rapeseed meal: potential impact on the growth performance, profitability measures, serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, intestinal morphometric analysis, and water quality of Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus fingerlings

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of using rapeseed meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in the diet of farmed tilapia. We evaluated the effect of this replacement on growth performance, profitability, serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, gut morphology, and water quality. A total of 960 apparently healthy Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Sarotherodon galilaeus (S. galilaeus) fingerlings were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment groups for each tilapia species (triplicate design, 120 fish/group, and 40 fish/replicate). The diets consumed by these groups were formulated to replace fish meal (FM) with rapeseed meal (RM) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, for 12 consecutive weeks. Results indicated that replacing RM in the diet of S. galilaeus (up to 20%) and O. niloticus (up to 10%) resulted in increased growth performance parameters, including final weight, weight gain, length, length gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate (SGR), and return parameters such as a total return and relative return compared to the control group. Moreover, an increase in RM up to 30% improved net profit and increased the mucosal length, intestinal villi length, and the number of goblet cells compared with results in its relative control groups. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in serum and liver AST and ALT with increased RM replacement. With respect to water parameters, we observed a significant difference in the ammonia levels, turbidity, and conductivity with the changes to the percentage of RM in the diets. As for the effect on each species, O. niloticus showed a more significant increase in all examined parameters compared to results in S. galilaeus. In summary, up to 10% RM can be used to replace FM without any adverse effects on the growth performance, profitability measures, intestinal morphometric analysis, or water quality.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly appreciate and thank Taif University for the financial support for the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project (TURSP-2020/09), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, we greatly thank Professor A.F Hikal, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, and University of Georgia (Athens, GA, USA) for his valuable time in editing and revising this paper.

Funding

This study was supported by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project (TURSP-2020/09), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt

    Eman A. Sallam

  2. Department of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt

    Aya F. Matter

  3. Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt

    Liza S. Mohammed

  4. Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt

    Aya E. Azam

  5. Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    Ahmed Shehab

  6. Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Mohamed Soliman

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  1. Eman A. Sallam
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  2. Aya F. Matter
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  3. Liza S. Mohammed
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  5. Ahmed Shehab
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  6. Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Eman A. Sallam, Aya Matter, Ahmed Shehab, and Liza S. Mohammed; Methodology: Eman A. Sallam, Aya Matter, Liza S. Mohammed, Aya E. Azam, Ahmed Shehab, and Mohamed M. Soliman: Resources: Eman A. Sallam, Aya Matter, Liza S. Mohammed, Aya E. Azam, Ahmed Shehab, and Mohamed M.Soliman. All authors participated in writing manuscript: Eman A. Sallam, Aya Matter, Liza S. Mohammed, Aya E. Azam, Ahmed Shehab; Review and editing: Eman A. Sallam, Liza S. Mohammed, and Mohamed M. Soliman. Formulation and preparation of all tested diets: Ahmed Shehab and Aya Matter. All authors drafted and approved the final version of the manuscript. Eman A. Sallam and Liza S. Mohammed carried out statistical analysis.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Eman A. Sallam or Mohamed Mohamed Soliman.

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The procedures and protocols used in this study were designed in accordance with the guidelines for animal welfare and the use of animals prepared by the Institutional Animal Care and Ethical Committee of Taif University, Saudi Arabia for project TURSP-2020-09.

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Sallam, E.A., Matter, A.F., Mohammed, L.S. et al. Replacing fish meal with rapeseed meal: potential impact on the growth performance, profitability measures, serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, intestinal morphometric analysis, and water quality of Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus fingerlings. Vet Res Commun 45, 223–241 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-021-09803-5

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