Abstract
In the present experiment, the expression profile of Toll-like receptor mRNA in indigenous and pure line chickens was studied. The expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7 were quantified in heterophils of Aseel, Kadaknath, Naked neck, Dwarf and White Leghorn lines by Quantitative Real-time PCR. White Leghorns expressed significantly (P < 0.01) higher levels of TLR3 mRNA compared to other lines. TLR4 and TLR5 mRNA were significantly highly expressed in Kadaknath line. Among the TLRs investigated TLR5 was more expressed in all lines studied. TLR7 was highly expressed in indigenous chicken Aseel and Kadaknath than other lines. Dwarf chicken expressed significantly (P < 0.01) lower levels of all TLRs investigated. On the basis of the present study we conclude that the differential expression of TLR mRNA in the heterophils of indigenous and other chicken breeds might contribute to their variable disease resistance/susceptibility.
References
Akira, S. 2004. Toll receptor families: structure and function. Seminars in Immunology 16, 1–2.
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A.C., Medzhitov, R., Flavell, R.A., 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-KB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413, 732–738.
Baelmans, R., Parmentier, H.K., Nieuwland, M.G., Dorny, P., Demey, F., Berkvens, D., 2005a. Haemolytic complement activity and humoral immune responses to sheep red blood cells in indigenous chickens and in eight German Dahlem Red chicken lines with different combinations of major genes (dwarf, naked neck and frizzled) of tropical interest. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 37,173–186.
Baelmans, R., Parmentier, H.K., Nieuwland, M.G., Dorny, P., Demey, F., 2005b. Serological screening for MHC (B)-polymorphism in indigenous chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production 37, 93–102.
Boyd, Y., Goodchild, M., Morroll. S., Bumstead.N., 2001. Mapping of the chicken and mouse genes for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal segment. Immunogenetics 52, 294–298.
Diebold, S.S., 2008. Recognition of viral single-stranded RNA by Toll-like receptors. Advances in Drug Delivery Review 60, 813–23.
Dil, N., Qureshi, M.A., 2002. Differential expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is associated with differential Toll-like receptor-4 expression in chicken macrophages from different genetic backgrounds. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 84, 191–207
Dorny, P., Baelmans, R., Parmentier, H.K., Nieuwland, M.G., Demey, F., Berkvens, D., 2005. Serum haemolytic complement levels in German Dahlem Red chickens are affected by three major genes (naked neck, dwarf, frizzled) of tropical interest. Tropical Animal Health and Production 37, 1–9.
Eberhart, D.E., Washburn, K.W., 1993. Assessing the effects of the naked neck gene on chronic heat stress resistance in two genetic populations. Poultry Science 72, 1391–1399.
Fathi, M.M., El-Attar, A.H., Ali, U.M., Nazmi, A., 2008. Effect of the naked neck gene on carcase composition and immunocompetence in chicken. British Poultry Science 49, 103–110.
Fukui, A., Inouse, N., Matsumoto, M., Nomura, M., Yamada, K., Matsuda, Y., Toyoshima, K., Seya, T., 2001. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptors. A single chicken Toll covers multiple molecular patterns. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 47143–47149.
Hansen, M.P., Law, G.R.J., Van Zandt, J.N., 1967. Differences in susceptibility to Marek's disease in chickens carrying two different B locus blood group alleles. Poultry Science 46, 1268.
Haunshi, S., Sharma, D., 2002. Immunocompetence in native and exotic chicken populations and their crosses developed for rural farming. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 37, 10–15.
Haunshi, S., Sharma, D., Nayal, L.M., Singh, D.P., Singh, R.V., 2002. Effect of naked neck gene (NA) and frizzle gene (F) on immunocompetence in chickens. British Poultry Science 43, 28–32.
Iqbal, M., Philbin, V.J., Smith, A.L., 2005a. Expression patterns of chicken Toll-like receptor mRNA in tissues, immune cell subsets and cell lines. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 104, 117–127.
Iqbal, M., Philbin, V.J., Withanage, G.S.K., Wigley, P.,Beal, R.K., Goodchild, M.J., Barrow, P., Mcconnell, I., Maskell, D.J., Young, J., Bumstead, N., Boyd, Y., Smith, A.L., 2005b. Identification and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptor 5 reveals a fundamental role in biology of infection with Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium. Infection and Immunity 73, 2344–2350.
Jurk, M., Heil, F., Vollmer, J., Schetter, C., Kreig,A.M., Wanger,H., Lipford, G., Bauer. S., 2002. Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to antiviral compound R-848. Nature Immunology 3, 499.
Kannaki, T.R., Verma, P.C., 2008. Temporal and Spatial expression pattern of Toll-like receptors during embryonic development in chicken. Proceedings of XXIII World’s Poultry Congress, Brisbane, Australia. 30 June-4 July.
Keestra, A.M., De zoete, M.R., Van aubel, R., Van putten, J., 2007. The central leucine-rich repeat region of chicken TLR16 dictates unique ligand specificity and species specific interaction with TLR2. Journal of Immunology 178, 7110–7119.
Kogut, M.H., Iqbal, M., He, H., Philbin, V., Kaiser, P., Smith, A., 2005. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils. Development and comparative Immunology 29, 791–807.
Kundu, A., Singh, D.P., Mohapatra, S.C., Dash, B.B., Moudgal, R.P., Bisht, G.S., 1999. Antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in Indian native vis-à-vis imported breeds of chickens. British Poultry Science 40, 40–43.
Leveque, G., Forgetta,V., Morroll, S., Smith, A.L., Bumstead, N., Barrow, P., 2003. Allelic variation in TLR4 is linked to susceptibility to Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium infection in chickens. Infection and Immunity 71, 1116–11124.
MacKinnon, K.M., He, H., Nerren, J.R., Swaggerty, C.L., Genovese, K.J., Kogut, M.H., 2009. Expression profile of toll-like receptors within the gastrointestinal tract of 2-day-old Salmonella enteritidis-infected broiler chickens. Veterinary Microbiology 137, 313–319.
Malek, M., Hasentein, JR., Lamont, S.J., 2004 Analysis of chicken TLR4, CD28, MIF, MD-2 and LITAF genes in a Salmonella enteritidis resource population. Poultry Science 83, 544–549.
Medzhitov, R., Janeway, JR. C. A., 1997. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 91, 295–298.
Medzhitov, R., Janeway, C. A. Jr., 2000. How does the immune system distinguish self from nonself. Seminars in Immunology 12, 185–188.
Philbin, V.J., Iqbal, M., Boyd, Y., Goodchild, M.J., Beal, R.K., Bumstead, N., Young, J., Smith, A.L., 2005. Identification and characterization of a functional, alternatively spliced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and genomic disruption of TLR 8 in chickens. Immunology 114, 507–521.
Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.Y., Huffel, C.V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva,M., Galanos, C., Freudenberg, M., Ricciardi-castagnoli, P., Layton, B., Beutler, B., 1998. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice; mutations in TLR4 gene. Science 282, 2085–2088.
Rajkumar, U., Reddy, B. L. N., Rajaravindra, K. S., Niranjan, M., Bhattacharya, T. K., Chatterjee, R. N., Panda, A. K., Reddy, M. R., Sharma, R. P. Effect of Naked Neck gene on immune competence and serum biochemical and carcass traits in chicken under Tropical climate. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (In Press).
Rout, P.K., Pani, P.K., Naithani, S., 1992. Genetic susceptibility of indigenous chicks to subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus inoculated via the chorioallantoic membrane. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 33, 89–102.
Singh, C.V., Kumar, D., Singh, Y.P., 2001. Potential usefulness of the plumage reducing Naked Neck (Na) gene in poultry production at normal and high ambient temperatures. World’s Poultry Science Journal 57, 139–156.
Temperley, N.D., Berlin, S., Paton, I.R., Griffin, D.K., Burt, D.W., 2008. Evolution of the chicken Toll-like receptor gene family: a story of gene gain and gene loss. BMC Genomics 9, 62.
Werling, D., Jungi, T.W., 2003. TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 91, 1–12.
Wimmers, K., Ponsuksili, S., Hardge, T., Valle-Zarate, A., Mathur, P.K., Horst, P., 2000. Genetic distinctness of African, Asian and South American local chickens. Animal Genetics. 31, 159–165.
Yilmaz, A., Shen, S., Adelson, D.L., Xavier, S., Zhu, J.J., 2005. Identification and sequence analysis of chicken Toll-like receptors. Immunogenetics 56, 743–753.
Zarember, K.A., Godowski, P.J., 2002. Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. Journal of Immunology 168, 554–561.
Zekarias, B., Ter Huurne A.A., Landman W.J., Robel, J.M., Pol, J.M., Gruys, E., 2002. Immunological basis of differences in disease resistance in the chicken. Veterinary Research 33, 109–25.
Zhang, Y.L., Guo, Y.J., Bin, Li., Sun, S.H., 2009. Hepatitis C virus single-stranded RNA induces innate immunity via Toll-like receptor 7. Journal of Hepatolology 51, 29–38.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramasamy, K.T., Reddy, M.R., Raveendranathan, D.N. et al. Differential expression of Toll-like receptor mRNA in White Leghorn and indigenous chicken of India. Vet Res Commun 34, 633–639 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9431-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9431-0