Abstract
Measurements of serum fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (GA) complement serum glucose concentration for better management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Especially, the serum fructosamine test has long been used for diagnosing and monitoring the effect of treatment of DM in dogs. However, fructosamine tests are currently not performed in veterinary medicine in Japan. GA and fructoasmine levels have been shown to strongly correlate. However, the clinical implications of using GA remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was threefold: 1) Determine whether GA% is altered by acute hyperglycemia in normal dogs, simulating stress induced hyperglycemia; 2) Demonstrate that GA% does not dynamically change with diurnal variation of blood glucose concentration in diabetic dogs; and 3) Investigate whether GA% is capable of providing an index of glycemic control for 1–3 weeks in diabetic dogs as is the case with diabetic human patients. Our study demonstrated that serum GA% remains very stable and unaltered under acute hyperglycemic conditions (intravenous glucose injection) and in spite of diurnal variation of blood glucose concentration. Furthermore, serum GA% can reflect long-term changes (almost 1–3 weeks) in blood glucose concentration and the effect of injected insulin in diabetic dogs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DM:
-
diabetes mellitus
- BW:
-
body weight
- GA:
-
glycated albumin
- RER:
-
resting energy requirement
- IVGTT:
-
intravenous glucose tolerance test
References
Crenshaw, K.L., Peterson, M.E., Heeb, L.A., Moroff, S.D., and Nichols, R., 1996. Serum fructosamine concentration as an index of glycemia in cats with diabetes mellitus and stress hyperglycemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 10, 360–364.
Feldman, E.C., and Nelson, R.W., 2004. Diabetes mellitus. In: Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction. 3rd edn., (W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia) 486–538.
Iberg, N., and Flückiger, R., 1986. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of albumin in vivo. Identification of multiple glycosylated sites. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 13542–13545.
Jensen, A.L. 1992. Serum fructosamine in canine diabetes mellitus. An initial study. Veterinary Research Communications, 16, 1–9. doi:10.1007/BF01839201
Kouzuma, T., Uemastu, Y., Usami, T., and Imamura, S., 2004. Study of glycated amino acid elimination reaction for an improved enzymatic glycated albumin measurement method. Clinica Chimica Acta, 346, 135–143. doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.02.019
Lutz, T.A., Rand, J.S., and Ryan, E., 1995. Fructosamine concentrations in hyperglycemic cats. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 36, 155–159.
Mori, A., Sako, T., Lee, P., Motoike, T., Iwase, K., Kanaya, Y., Fukuta, H., Mizutani, H., and Arai, T., 2008. Comparison of time-action profiles of insulin Glargine and NPH insulin in normal and diabetic dogs. Veterinary Research Communications, 32, 563–573.
Paroni, R., Ceriotti, F., Galanello, R., Battista, L.G., Panico, A., Scurati, E., Paleari, R., Chemello, L., Quaino, V., Scaldaferri, L., Lapolla, A., and Mosca, A., 2007. Performance characteristics and clinical utility of an enzymatic method for the measurement of glycated albumin in plasma. Clinical Biochemistry, 40, 1398–1405. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.001
Reusch, C.E., Liehs, M.R., Hoyer, M., and Vochezer, R., 1993. Fructosamine. A new parameter for diagnosis and metabolic control in diabetic dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 7, 177–182.
Sako, T., Mori, A., Lee, P., Takahashi, T., Izawa, T., Karasawa, S., Furuuchi, M., Azakami, D., Mizukoshi, M., Mizutani, H., Kiyosawa, Y., and Arai, T., 2008. Diagnostic significance of serum glycated albumin in diabetic dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 20, 634–638.
Sato, T., Katayama, K., Arai, T., Sako, T., and Tazaki, H., 2008. Simultaneous determination of serum mannose and glucose concentrations in dog serum using high performance liquid chromatography. Research in Veterinary Science, 84, 26–29. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.002
Tahara, Y., and Shima, K., 1995. Kinetics of HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine and analysis of their weight functions against preceding plasma glucose level. Diabetes Care, 18, 440–447. doi:10.2337/diacare.18.4.440
Takahashi, S., Uchino, H., Shimizu, T., Kanazawa, A., Tamura, Y., Sakai, K., Watada, H., Hirose, T., Kawamori, R., and Tanaka, Y., 2007. Comparison of glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients: usefulness of GA for evaluation of short-term changes in glycemic control. Endocrine Journal, 54, 139–144. doi:10.1507/endocrj.K06-103
Torrance, A.G. and Mooney, C.T., 2001. Canine diabetes mellitus. In: Manual of small Animal Endocrinology. 2nd edn., (British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Cheltenham) 83–96.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Academic Frontier Project Grant awarded to private universities from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), 2005–2009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sako, T., Mori, A., Lee, P. et al. Serum glycated albumin: Potential use as an index of glycemic control in diabetic dogs. Vet Res Commun 33, 473–479 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-008-9193-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-008-9193-0