Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of gatifloxacin were investigated after a single intravenous injection of 4 mg/kg body weight in buffalo calves. The therapeutic plasma drug concentration was maintained for up to 12 h. Gatifloxacin rapidly distributed from blood to tissue compartments, which was evident from the high values of the distribution rate constant, α1 (11.1 ± 1.06 h−1) and the rate constant of transfer of drug from central to peripheral compartment, k 12 (6.29 ± 0.46 h−1). The area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve and apparent volume of distribution were 17.1 ± 0.63 (μg.h)/ml and 3.56 ± 0.95 L/kg, respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2 β), total body clearance (ClB) and the ratio of drug present in tissues and plasma (T/P) were 10.4 ± 2.47 h, 235.1 ± 8.47 ml/(kg.h) and 10.1 ± 2.25, respectively. About 19.7% of the administered drug was excreted in urine within 24 h. A satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen for gatifloxacin in buffalo calves would be 5.3 mg/kg at 24 h intervals.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ATCC:
-
American type culture collection
- MIC:
-
minimum inhibitory concentration
References
Andes, D. and Craig, W.A., 2002. Pharmacodynamics of the new fluoroquinolone gatifloxacin in murine thigh and lung infection models. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46(6), 1665–1670
Arret, B., Johnson, D.P. and Krishbaum, A., 1971. Outline of details for microbiological assay of antibiotics: second revision. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 60, 1689–1694
Bakken, J.S., 2004. The fluoroquinolones: how long will their utility last? Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 36(2), 85–92
Bauernfeind, A., 1997. Comparison of the antibacterial activities of the quinolones Bay 12-8039, gatifloxacin (AM-1155), trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 440, 639–651
Esel, D., Doganay, M. and Sumerkan, B., 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 40 isolates of Bacillus anthracis isolated in Turkey. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 22(1), 70–72
Fish, D.N. and North, D.S., 2001. Gatifloxacin, an advanced 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone. Pharmacotherapy, 21(1), 35–59
Gajjar, D.A., LaCreta, F.P. and Uderman, H.D., 2000. A dose-escalation study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous gatifloxacin in healthy adult men. Pharmacotherapy, 20(6.2), 49S–58
Gibaldi, M. and Perrier, D., 1982. Methods of residuals. Pharmacokinetics, 2nd edn, (Marcel Dekker, New York), 433–444
Grasela, D.M., Christofalo, B., LaCreto, F.P., Kollia, G.D., Duncan, G. and Noveck, R., 1998. Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of oral gatifloxacin in subjects in subjects with hepatic impairment. Program and Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego
LaCreta, F.P., Kaul, S., Kollia, G.D., Duncan, G., Randall, D.M. and Grasela, D.M., 2000a. Interchangebility of 400, mg intravenous and oral gatifloxacin in healthy adults. Pharmacotherapy, 20(6.2), 59S–66
LaCreta, F.P., Kollia, G.D., Duncan, G., Behr, D. and Grasela, D.M., 2000b. Age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin. Pharmacotherapy, 20(6.2), 67S–75
Lutsar, I., Friedland, I.R., Wubbel, L., McCoig, C.C., Jafri, H.S., Ng, W., Ghaffar, F and McCracken, G.H. Jr., 1998. Pharmacodynamics of gatifloxacin in cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 42(10), 2650–2655
Mckellar, Q.A., Sanchez Bruni, S.F. and Jones, D.G., 2004. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of antimicrobial drugs used in veterinary medicine. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27(6), 503–514
Moutafchieva, R. and Djouvinov, D., 1997. Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 20, 405–407
Naber, C.K., Steghafner, M. and Kinzig-Schippers, M., 2001. Concentration of gatifloxacin in plasma and urine and penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid, ejaculate and sperm cells after single oral administration of 400 milligrams to volunteers. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45, 293–297
Nakashima, M., Uemastu, T., Kosuge, K., Kusajima, H., Ooie, T., Masuda, Y., Ishida, R. and Uchida, H., 1995. Single and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of AM-1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone in humans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39, 2635–2640
Nawaz, M., Khan, H. and Rahman, Z., 1980. Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine in ruminants. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cambridge, UK, 57–63
Perry, C.M., Ormrod, D., Hurst, M. and Onrust, S.V., 2002. Gatifloxacin: a review of its use in the management of bacterial infectins. Drugs, 62(1), 169–207
Raina, R., 1993. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of ciprofloxacin in buffalo calves, goats and poultry, (PhD. dissertation, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India)
Rodvold, K.A. and Neuhauser, M., 2001. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. Pharmacotherapy, 21(105), 233–252
Singh, K. and Srivastava, A.K., 2000. Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin in cross bred cow calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 70(10), 1021–1024
Stahlberg, H.J., Goehler, K., Guillaume, M. and Mignot, A., 1998. Pharmacokinetics of R- and S-enantiomers of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, following single oral doses to healthy caucasian volunteers. Program and Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego
Thomas, V., Deleforge, J. and Boisrame, B., 1994. Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in pre-ruminant and ruminant cattle. Proceedings of the 6th Congress of European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Edinburgh, Scotland, 60–61
Zinner, S.H., Firsov, A.A., Gilbert, D., Simmons, K. and Lubenko, I.Y., 2001. The pharmacodynamics of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for peneumococci in an in vitro dynamic model: prediction of equiefficient doses. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48(6), 821–826
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Abbreviations for pharmacokinetic parameters are given in the footnote of Table I
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raipuria, M., Dumka, V.K. & Sandhu, H.S. Plasma Concentrations, Pharmacokinetics and Urinary Excretion of Gatifloxacin after Single Intravenous Injection in Buffalo Calves. Vet Res Commun 31, 1013–1020 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-3343-7
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-3343-7