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Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Under Three Different Strategies of Control and Eradication in Colombia (1982–2003)

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Abstract

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) from January 1982 through December 2003 were used to examine variations in serotype- and species-specific risk for three control programmes in Colombia:(1982–1983) vaccination, using an aluminium hydroxide, saponin adjuvant, required but not enforced; (1984–1996) vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, required but not enforced; and (1997–2003) enforced vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, restricted animal movement enforced, and slaughter of infected animals. Hypotheses were tested for trend, cyclicity and seasonality in FMD occurrence, and for species- and serotype-specific differences in morbidity and case-fatality. The spatial density of outbreaks was estimated by kernel smoothing. The frequency of outbreaks decreased most between 1984 and 1996 (p < 0.01) for serotype A and between 1997 and 2003 (p < 0.01) for serotype O. Outbreaks occurred in cycles of 3–4 years for both serotypes (p < 0.05). Morbidity was not significantly different in pigs from that in cattle for serotype A-associated outbreaks (p = 0.314), but was higher in pigs than in cattle (p = 0.019) for serotype O-associated outbreaks. For both serotypes, case-fatality was higher for pigs than for cattle (p < 0.009). Temporal variation in FMD incidence provided insight into the expected evolution of FMD control for countries with similar conditions and where FMD is endemic.

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Abbreviations

FMD:

foot-and-mouth disease

ICA:

Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario

OIE:

Office International des Epizooties

PACF:

partial autocorrelation function

PANAFTOSA:

Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogotá, Colombia

    M. L. Gallego, A. M. Perez & M. C. Thurmond

Authors
  1. M. L. Gallego
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  2. A. M. Perez
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  3. M. C. Thurmond
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Correspondence to A. M. Perez.

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Gallego, M.L., Perez, A.M. & Thurmond, M.C. Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Under Three Different Strategies of Control and Eradication in Colombia (1982–2003). Vet Res Commun 31, 819–834 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-0125-1

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