Exotic insect pollinators and native pollination systems

Debnam, Scott; Saez, Agustin; Aizen, Marcelo A.; Callaway, Ragan M.

doi:10.1007/s11258-021-01162-0

Published: 03 August 2021

Exotic insect pollinators and native pollination systems

Scott Debnam¹,
Agustin Saez²,
Marcelo A. Aizen^2,3 &
Ragan M. Callaway ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-4312¹

Plant Ecology volume 222, pages 1075–1088 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Insect pollinators have been relocated by humans for millennia and are, thus, among the world’s earliest intentional exotic introductions. The introduction of managed bees for crop pollination services remains, to this day, a common and growing practice worldwide and the number of different bee species that are used commercially is increasing. Being generalists and frequently social, these exotic species have the potential to have a wide range of impacts on native bees and plants. Thus, understanding the consequences of introduced species on native pollinator systems is a priority. We generated a global database and evaluated the impacts of the two main groups of invasive bees, Apis mellifera and Bombus spp., on their pollination services to native flora and impacts on native pollinators. In a meta-analysis, we found that per-visit pollination efficiency of exotic pollinators was, on average, 55% less efficient than native pollinators when visiting flowers of native species. In contrast to per-visit pollination efficiency, our meta-analysis showed that visitation frequency by exotic pollinators was, on average, 80% higher than native pollinators. The higher visitation frequency of exotic pollinators overcame deficiencies in pollen removal and transfer resulting in seed/fruit set levels similar to native pollinators. Also, evidence showed that exotic pollinators can displace native insect and bird pollinators. However, the direct effects of exotic insect pollinators on native pollination systems can be context dependent, ranging from mutualism to antagonism.

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Data are available in the supplementary table.

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Code for the meta-analysis is available on request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to David Inouye and two anonymous reviewers for their very careful editing and thoughtful recommendations. These substantially improved the manuscript.

Funding

RMC thanks the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement OIA-1757351, and AS and MAA the National Fund for Research of Argentina (PICT 2018-02145).

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Authors and Affiliations

Division of Biological Sciences and Institute On Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
Scott Debnam & Ragan M. Callaway
Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, 8400, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
Agustin Saez & Marcelo A. Aizen
Wissenschaftskolleg Zu Berlin, 14193, Berlin, Germany
Marcelo A. Aizen

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Scott Debnam
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Agustin Saez
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Marcelo A. Aizen
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Ragan M. Callaway
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Debnam, S., Saez, A., Aizen, M.A. et al. Exotic insect pollinators and native pollination systems. Plant Ecol 222, 1075–1088 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-021-01162-0

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Received: 20 January 2021
Accepted: 17 July 2021
Published: 03 August 2021
Issue Date: September 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-021-01162-0

Keywords

Exotic
Insect pollinator
Apis mellifera
Managed bees
Pollination efficiency
Visitation frequency

Exotic insect pollinators and native pollination systems

Abstract