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Riparian and adjacent forests differ both in the humid mountainous ecoregion and the semiarid lowland

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Abstract

Few studies have quantified changes in riparian and adjacent forest across landscape units. In this study, the composition and structure of riparian and adjacent forest were compared in a humid and a semiarid ecoregion in northwestern Argentina: the Yungas forest and the Western Chaco. We expected that differences between riparian and adjacent zones could be less marked in humid than in semiarid regions. Ten sites were surveyed with a block design. An Importance Value Index, Rank-Abundance curves, and Analysis of Similarity and multivariate analyzes (NMDS) were performed to evaluate differences between forests. Stream and floodplain widths, lateral, and longitudinal slopes of streamside were analyzed by a principal components analysis (PCA). NMDS and PCA axes were correlated to analyze the relations among physical and biological arrangements. Results revealed that riparian forest may be very different from the adjacent in both ecoregions. Marked differences in geomorphological and physical features of streamsides were found between ecoregions and they were strongly associated with assemblage distribution. In Yungas forest, dominant species were different at all sites, according to the altitudinal stratification of this region. Within Western Chaco the species Salix humboldtiana Willd. and Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav., were commonly dominant in riparian sectors. The dominance of these species in both sectors by the widest rivers could indicate that the dimensions of the riparian zone in those sites are greater than those by the smaller streams. Our study reinforced the concept of riparian zones as dynamic ecosystems and we propose considering a landscape perspective in managerial decision making.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Sofia Malcum, Mario Feylling, Nicolas Laguna, Sebastian Albanesi, Guillermo Hankel, Dante Loto, and Carlos Navarro for their assistance in sampling trips; to Luciana Cristobal for helping to edit the image of the study area; to Sergio Georgieff, Ignacio Gasparri, Carlos Cultid, Daniel Dos Santos, and Juan Pablo Juliá for their valuable comments; to Hugo Fernández and Eduardo Domínguez for a review of the manuscript; as well as to the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which improved the manuscript. This study was supported by fellowships of ANPCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) and CONICET (National Council of Scientific Research, Argentina) and the following grants: ANPCyT PICT 1067–2012, PIP-CONICET 0330, P-UE CONICET 0099, and Universidad Nacional de Tucumán POA2-2016/05.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ciudad Universitaria Horco Molle S/N, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina

    Edgardo J. I. Pero

  2. Jardín Botánico Horco Molle (JBHM), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina

    Pablo A. Quiroga

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  1. Edgardo J. I. Pero
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  2. Pablo A. Quiroga
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Correspondence to Edgardo J. I. Pero.

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Appendix: Species list

Appendix: Species list

Species

Family

Ecoregion

Abbreviation

Abutilon niveum Griseb.

Malvaceae

C

An

Acacia aroma Gillies ex Hook. and Arn

Fabaceae

C

Aa

Achatocarpus praecox Griseb.

Achatocarpaceae

C

Ap

Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. and Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl.

Sapindaceae

Y

Ae

Alnus acuminata Kunth

Betulaceae

Y

Al

Anisocapparis speciosa (Griseb.) X. Cornejo and H.H. Iltis

Capparaceae

C

As

Arundo donax L.

Poaceae

C

Ad

Baccharis sp.

Asteraceae

C

Ba

Bidens sp.

Asteraceae

Y

Bi

Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg

Myrtaceae

Y

Bs

Bougainvillea stipitata Griseb.

Nyctaginaceae

C

Bo

Bulnesia foliosa Griseb.

Zygophylaceae

C

Bf

Caesalpinia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) Burkart

Fabaceae

C

Ce

Capparicordis tweediana (Eichler) H.H. Iltis and X. Cornejo

Capparaceae

C

Ct

Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.

Celtidaceae

Y

Cg

Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch. = Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. var. ehrenbergiana

Celtidaceae

C

Cet

Cestrum strigilatum Ruiz and Pav.

Solanaceae

Y

Cst

Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth

Amaranthaceae

Y

Cha

Chenopodium sp.

Chenopodiaceae

C

Ch

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. and Arn.) Radlk.

Sapotaceae

Y

Cm

Cinnamomun porphyrium (Griseb.) Kosterm. = Ocotea porphyria (Griseb.) van der Werff

Lauraceae

Y

Cpo

Citrus aurantium L.

Rutaceae

Y

Ci

Croton sp.

Euphorbiaceae

C

Cr

Cupania vernalis Cambess.

Sapindaceae

Y

Cv

Duranta serratifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze

Verbenaceae

 

Ds

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong

Fabaceae

Y

Eco

Ephedra sp.

Ephedraceae

C

Ep

Equisetum giganteum L.

Equisetaceae

C, Y

Eg

Erythrina crista-galli L.

Fabaceae

C

Ec

Eugenia uniflora L.

Myrtaceae

Y

Eu

Geoffroea decorticans (Gillies ex Hook. and Arn.) Burkart

Fabaceae

C

Gd

Hedychium coronarium J. König

Zingiberaceae

Y

He

Heimia montana (Griseb.) Lillo

Lythraceae

C, Y

Hm

Iresine diffusa Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.

Asteraceae

Y

Id

Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don

Bignoniaceae

Y

Jm

Juglans australis Griseb.

Juglandaceae

Y

Ja

Justicia sp.

Acanthaceae

C, Y

Ju

Lantana canescens Kunth

Verbenaceae

C

La

Lippia sp.

Verbenaceae

C

Li

Ludwigia sp.

Onagraceae

Y

Lu

Lycium sp.1

Solanaceae

C

Ls

Lycium sp.2

Solanaceae

C

LsII

Malva sp.

Malvaceae

C

Ma

Maytenus vitis-idaea Griseb.

Celastraceae

C

Mv

Melia azedarach L.

Meliaceae

C

Me

Miconia ioneura Griseb.

Melastomataceae

Y

Mi

Morus sp. L.

Moraceae

C

Mo

Myrcianthes mato (Griseb.) McVaugh

Myrtaceae

Y

Mm

Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand

Myrtaceae

Y

Mp

Nicotiana glauca Graham

Solanaceae

C

Ng

Opuntia quimilo K. Schum.

Cactaceae

C

Oq

Parapiptadenia excelsa (Griseb.) Burkart

Fabaceae

Y

Pe

Phenax laevigatus Wedd.

Urticaceae

Y

Pl

Piper hieronymi C. DC. var. hieronymi

Piperaceae

Y

Ph

Piper tucumanum C. DC.

Piperaceae

Y

Pt

Prosopis alba Griseb.

Fabaceae

C

Pa

Prosopis ruscifolia Griseb.

Fabaceae

C

Pv

Prunus tucumanensis Lillo

Rosaceae

Y

Ptu

Psycotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Rubiaceae

Y

Pc

Pteridophyta indet.

–

C

Pte

Randia micracantha (Lillo) Bacigalupo

Rubiaceae

Y

Rs

Ricinus communis L.

Euphorbiaceae

C

Rc

Rubus imperialis Cham. and Schltdl.

Rosaceae

Y

Ri

Ruprechtia apetala Wedd.

Polygonaceae

C

Rt

Salix humboldtiana Willd.

Salicaceae

C

Sa

Sapium haematospermum Müll. Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

C

Sh

Schinus bumelioides I.M. Johnst.

Anacardiaceae

C

Sb

Schinus fasciculatus (Griseb.) I.M. Johnst.

Anacardiaceae

C

Sf

Schinus gracilipes I.M. Johnst.

Anacardiaceae

Y

Sg

Senna morongii (Britton) H.S. Irwin and Barneby

Fabaceae

C

Se

Serjania marginata Casar.

Sapindaceae

C

Sm

Sida rhombifolia L.

Asteraceae

C

Sr

Solanum sp.

Solanaceae

C, Y

So

Solanum palinacanthum Dunal = S. claviceps

Solanaceae

Y

Sc

Solanum hieronymi Kuntze

Solanaceae

C

Sp

Solanum riparium Pers.

Solanaceae

Y

Sri

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.

Tamaricaceae

C

Tr

Terminalia triflora (Griseb.) Lillo

Combretaceae

C, Y

Tt

Tessaria dodoneifolia (Hook. and Arn.) Cabrera

Asteraceae

C

Td

Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav.

Asteraceae

C, Y

Ti

Thelypteris sp.

Thelypteridaceae

Y

Th

Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze

Fabaceae

Y

Tti

Trema micranta (L.) Blume

Urticaceae

Y

Tm

Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.

Urticaceae

Y

Ub

Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Urticaceae

C, Y

Uc

Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link

Apocynaceae

C

Vg

Verbesina suncho (Griseb.) S.F. Blake

Asteraceae

C, Y

Vs

Vernonia fulta Griseb. = Quechualia fulta (Griseb.) H. Rob.

Asteraceae

C, Y

Vf

Xylosma pubescens Griseb.

Salicaceae

Y

Xp

Ziziphus mistol Griseb. = Sarcomphalus mistol (Griseb.) Hauenschild

Ramnaceae

C

Zm

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Pero, E.J.I., Quiroga, P.A. Riparian and adjacent forests differ both in the humid mountainous ecoregion and the semiarid lowland. Plant Ecol 220, 481–498 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00929-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00929-w

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