Abstract
In this paper we describe our investigation of underrepresented high school students’ interests, engagement, and experiences in design-based Information and Communications Technology (ICT) summer workshop activities; with the goal of identifying activities, aspects, and/or elements of the program that can be tailored or improved upon to attract, engage, educate, and retain high schoolers who have historically been underrepresented in ICT. Our primary research question is “which activities are most engaging for students typically underrepresented in ICT careers and programs,” and we additionally report on underrepresented students’ experiences and psychosocial changes across the summer workshops. A total of 139 high school students (of which 98 identified as being underrepresented female and/or racially minoritized students) participated in the ICT workshops hosted across three consecutive summers at a large, public, urban university in the Midwestern region of the United States. Employing a mixed methods design, our quantitative results and qualitative findings suggest that underrepresented students in our sample found the summer workshops’ group projects and hands-on courses to be the most engaging activities. Implications of our results/findings are further discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychological Association, Coalition for Psychology in Schools and Education. (2015). Top 20 principles from psychology for preK–12 teaching and learning. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ed/schools/cpse/top-twenty-principles.pdf.
Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Fallu, J., & Pagani, L. S. (2009). Student engagement and its relationship with early high school dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 32(3), 651–670.
Ardies, J., De Maeyer, S., & Gijbels, D. (2013). Reconstructing the pupils attitude towards technology-survey. Design and Technology Education, 18(1), 8–19.
Bass, K., Hu Dahl, I., & Panahandeh, S. (2016). Designing the game: How a project-based media production program approaches STEAM career readiness for underrepresented young adults. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 25(6), 1009–1024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9631-7.
Beckett, G., Hemmings, A., Maltbie, C., Wright, K., Sherman, M., & Sersion, B. (2016). Urban high school student engagement through CincySTEM iTEST projects. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 25(6), 995–1007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9640-6.
Belland, B. R., Kim, C., & Hannafin, M. J. (2013). A framework for designing scaffolds that improve motivation and cognition. Educational Psychologist, 48(4), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.838920.
Ben-Eliyahu, A., Moore, D., Dorph, R., & Schunn, C. D. (2018). Investigating the multidimensionality of engagement: Affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement across science activities and contexts. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 53, 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.01.002.
Beyer, S. (2014). Why are women underrepresented in computer science? Gender differences in stereotypes, self-efficacy, values, and interests and predictors of future CS course-taking and grades. Computer Science Education, 24(2–3), 153–192.
Butz, A. R., & Usher, E. L. (2015). Salient sources of early adolescents’ self-efficacy in two domains. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.04.001.
Connors-Kellgren, A., Parker, C., Blustein, D., & Barnett, M. (2016). Innovations and challenges in project-based STEM education: Lessons from ITEST. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 25(6), 825–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9658-9.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Doppelt, Y., Mehalik, M. M., Schunn, C. D., Silk, E., & Krysinski, D. (2008). Engagement and achievements: A case study of design process and technology education applications. Journal of Technology Education, 19(2), 22–39.
Duncan, T. G., & McKeachie, W. J. (2005). The making of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire. Educational Psychologist, 40(2), 117–128.
Duran, M., Höft, M., Lawson, D., Medjahed, B., & Orady, E. (2014). Urban high school students’ IT/STEM learning: Findings from a collaborative inquiry- and design-based afterschool program. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 23(1), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-013-9457-5.
Findley-Van Nostrand, D., & Pollenz, R. S. (2017). Evaluating psychosocial mechanisms underlying STEM persistence in undergraduates: Evidence of impact from a six-day pre-college engagement STEM academy program. CBE - Life Sciences Education. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-10-0294.
Fleming, J.S. (2007). PASCI student self-concept inventory. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from http://www.strivetogether.org/sites/default/files/images/Combined%20PASCI.pdf.
Flynn, D. T. (2016). STEM field persistence: The impact of engagement on postsecondary STEM persistence for underrepresented minority students. Journal of Educational Issues, 2(1), 185–214.
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109.
Harackiewicz, J. M., Smith, J. L., & Priniski, S. J. (2016). Interest matters: The importance of promoting interest in education. Policy Insights from the Behavioral And Brain Sciences, 3(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732216655542.
Johnson, M. L., & Sinatra, G. M. (2013). Use of task-value instructional inductions for facilitating engagement and conceptual change. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2012.09.003.
Knezek, G., Christensen, R., Tyler-Wood, T., & Gibson, D. (2015). Gender differences in conceptualizations of STEM career interest: Complementary perspectives from data mining, multivariate data analysis and multidimensional scaling. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations & Research, 16(4), 13–19.
Ladner, R. E., & Israel, M. (2016). For all" in "computer science for all. Communications of the ACM, 59(9), 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971329.
Lee, J. K., Alston, A. T., & Kahn, K. B. (2015). Identity threat in the classroom: Review of women’s motivational experiences in the sciences. Translational Issues In Psychological Science, 1(4), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000050.
León, J., Núñez, J. L., & Liew, J. (2015). Self-determination and STEM education: Effects of autonomy, motivation, and self-regulated learning on high school math achievement. Learning And Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.08.017.
Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. L., Perez, T., Barger, M. M., Wormington, S. V., Godin, E., Snyder, K. E., Robinson, K., Sarkar, A., Richman, L. S., & Schwartz-Bloom, R. (2018). Repairing the leaky pipeline: A motivationally supportive intervention to enhance persistence in undergraduate science pathways. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 53, 181–195.
Lynch, S. S., Burton, E. P., Behrend, T., House, A., Ford, M., Spillane, N., Matray, S., Han, E., & Means, B. (2018). Understanding inclusive STEM high schools as opportunity structures for underrepresented students: Critical components. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 55(5), 712–748.
Martin, A. J. (2015). The Motivation and Engagement Scale (15th Ed.). Lifelong Achievement Group. www.lifelongachievement.com.
National Research Council. (1996). National Science Education Standards, National Academy Press, Box 285, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20055.
Ormrod, J. E. (2016). Human learning. (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. F., Garcia, T., McKeachie, W. J., & Hancock, D. (2004). Motivated strategies for learning questionnaire. Journal of Educational Research, 97(3), 159–166.
Reider, D., Knestis, K., & Malyn-Smith, J. (2016). Workforce education models for K-12 STEM education programs: Reflections on, and implications for, the NSF ITEST Program. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 25(6), 847–858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9632-6.
Scott, A. L., & Martin, A. (2012). Dissecting the data 2012: Examining STEM opportunities and outcomes for underrepresented students in California. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from http://www.cslnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/LPFI-Dissecting-the-Data-2012.pdf.
Selcen Guzey, S., Harwell, M., Moreno, M., Peralta, Y., & Moore, T. J. (2017). The impact of design-based STEM integration curricula on student achievement in engineering, science, and mathematics. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 26(2), 207–222.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2015). Occupational outlook handbook. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/home.htm.
Vallett, D. B., Lamb, R., & Annetta, L. (2018). After-school and informal STEM projects: The effect of participant self-selection. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 27(3), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-017-9721-1.
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 981–1002.
Wardle, C. (2003). NSF initiatives for the information technology workforce. IEEE Technology & Society Magazine, 22(3), 10.
Acknowledgements
With the support of the NSF’s Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) Program through Grant #1433769 for the project “Design-Based Information Technologies Learning Experiences (DITLE),” the authors would like to thank evaluator Frederica Frost who was supportive and thorough in her analyses and feedback; instructors Jen Fritz and Tom Wulf who contributed their time and efforts in teaching during the Summer Workshops; as well as Dr. Ashley Vaughn and Lauren Kirgis who aided in data organization and collection. For more on the DITLE program, please visit http://cech.uc.edu/it/ditle-grant.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Drs. Marcus Johnson, Hazem Said, Helen Meyer, and Chengcheng Li, along with co-authors Sarai Hedges and Scott Gibbons declare that we have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, M.L., Said, H., Hedges, S. et al. Underrepresented High Schoolers’ Interests, Engagement, and Experiences in an Information and Communications Technology Summer Workshop: A Three-Year Study. Urban Rev 54, 41–66 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-021-00603-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-021-00603-4