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Urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with cardiac infarction/injury score and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population without cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease

  • Nephrology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

The study was to investigate the association between urinary cadmium with cardiac infarction/injury score (CIIS) and subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) in the general population without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

In this large-scale cross-sectional study, we enrolled 4492 individuals without CVDs and CKD from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models, linear regression models, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were performed to assess the association between urinary cadmium with CIIS and SC-MI.

Results

Participants with SC-MI had higher levels of urinary cadmium compared with those without SC-MI (P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analyses adjusting for all confounding variables, higher levels of urinary cadmium were strongly associated not only with higher risk of SC-MI but also with higher CIIS (P < 0.05). Further subgroup analyses showed that the association between urinary cadmium and SC-MI remained significant in the subgroups of ≥ 50 years, men, smokers, and those without diabetes or hypertension (P < 0.05). Additionally, RCS analysis showed that after adjusting for all confounding factors, urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with CIIS and SC-MI (P overall < 0.05, P for nonlinearity > 0.05).

Conclusion

Urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with CIIS and SC-MI in the general population without CVDs and CKD.

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Availability of data and materials

The data for the analysis of this study can be downloaded from a public database (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm).

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Acknowledgements

This work thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the NHANES III for their valuable contributions.

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  1. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China

    Yu-wei Qiang, Ming-hui Hao & Jing Yang

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Contributions

YQ: Writing—review and editing. YQ and MH: Data curation, Writing—original draft. YQ and JY: Conceptualization, methodology, software. YQ: Conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yu-wei Qiang.

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The protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent was acquired from all participants.

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Qiang, Yw., Hao, Mh. & Yang, J. Urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with cardiac infarction/injury score and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population without cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 56, 1677–1685 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03853-1

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