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Causal relationship between prostate cancer and 12 types of cancers: multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Background

Previous observational studies have shown an association between certain cancers and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between these cancers and PCa is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between 12 common cancers and the risk of PCa.

Methods

We employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to perform forward and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) within two-sample frameworks. Furthermore, we conducted multivariable MR analyses to investigate the relationships between different types of cancer. In addition, multiple sensitivity analysis methods were employed to assess the robustness of our findings.

Results

Our univariable MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hematological cancer was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.911, 95% CI 0.89–0.922, P = 0.03). Furthermore, MR analysis demonstrates that genetically predicted occurrence of thyroid gland and endocrine gland cancer also raised the risk of PCa (all P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that thyroid gland cancer exhibited a higher incidence of PCa (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.16, P = 0.008). In the reverse MR analysis, we found no significant inverse causal associations between PCa and 12 types of cancers.

Conclusion

In summary, this study provided insights into the causal relationships between various types of cancer and PCa. Hematological cancer was suggested to associate with a lower risk of PCa, while thyroid gland cancer and endocrine gland cancer might increase the risk. These findings contribute to the understanding of genetic factors related to PCa and its potential associations with other cancers.

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Availability of data and materials

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This statement is to certify that all authors have approved the manuscript being submitted, have contributed significantly to the work, and attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation.

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Author notes

  1. Xiangpeng Zhan, Tao Chen, Situ Xiong, and Sheng Li are co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

    Xiangpeng Zhan, Tao Chen, Situ Xiong, Sheng Li, Songhui Xu, Bin Fu & Jun Deng

  2. Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang First People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China

    Xinxi Deng

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  1. Xiangpeng Zhan
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Contributions

XZ, TC, and SX were responsible for data collection and analysis. The manuscript was written by SL, XD, SX, BF, and JD.

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Correspondence to Jun Deng.

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Zhan, X., Chen, T., Xiong, S. et al. Causal relationship between prostate cancer and 12 types of cancers: multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses. Int Urol Nephrol 56, 547–556 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03793-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03793-w

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