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Differences in overall survival of T2N0M0 bladder cancer patients vs. population-based controls according to treatment modalities

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

It is unknown to what extent overall survival (OS) of organ-confined (T2N0M0) urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) patients differs from age- and sex-matched population-based controls, especially when treatment modalities such as radical cystectomy (RC), trimodal therapy (TMT), or radiotherapy (RT) are considered.

Methods

Relying on the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (2004–2018), we identified newly diagnosed (2004–2013) T2N0M0 UCUB patients treated with either RC, TMT or RT. For each case, we simulated an age- and sex-matched control (Monte Carlo simulation), relying on Social Security Administration Life Tables with 5 years of follow-up, and compared OS with that of RC-, TMT-, and RT-treated cases. Additionally, we relied on smoothed cumulative incidence plots to display cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) rates for each treatment modality.

Results

Of 7153 T2N0M0 UCUB patients, 4336 (61%) underwent RC, 1810 (25%) TMT, and 1007 (14%) RT. At 5 years, OS rate in RC cases was 65% vs. 86% in population-based controls (Δ = 21%); in TMT cases, 32% vs. 74% in population-based controls (Δ = 42%); and in RT, 13% vs. 60% in population-based control (Δ = 47%). Five-year CSM rates were highest in RT (57%), followed by TMT (46%) and RC (24%). Five-year OCM rates were the highest in RT (30%), followed by TMT (22%) and RC (12%).

Conclusion

OS of T2N0M0 UCUB patients is substantially less than that of age- and sex-matched population-based controls. The biggest difference affects RT, followed by TMT. A modest difference was recorded in RC and population-based controls.

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Data availability

All data generated for this analysis were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The code for the analyses will be made available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Cristina Cano Garcia was awarded a scholarship by the STIFTUNG GIERSCH.

Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Cristina Cano Garcia, Mattia Luca Piccinelli, Stefano Tappero, Andrea Panunzio, Francesco Barletta, Reha-Baris Incesu, Zhe Tian, Fred Saad & Pierre I. Karakiewicz

  2. Department of Urology, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany

    Cristina Cano Garcia, Marina Kosiba, Severine Banek, Luis A. Kluth & Felix K. H. Chun

  3. Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

    Mattia Luca Piccinelli & Ottavio De Cobelli

  4. Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

    Stefano Tappero & Carlo Terrone

  5. Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy

    Stefano Tappero & Carlo Terrone

  6. Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy

    Andrea Panunzio & Alessandro Antonelli

  7. Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, Gianfranco Soldera Prostate Cancer Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Barletta & Alberto Briganti

  8. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Reha-Baris Incesu, Markus Graefen & Derya Tilki

  9. Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  10. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  11. Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  12. Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  13. Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Derya Tilki

  14. Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Derya Tilki

  15. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Barletta & Alberto Briganti

Authors
  1. Cristina Cano Garcia
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  2. Mattia Luca Piccinelli
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  3. Stefano Tappero
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  4. Andrea Panunzio
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  5. Francesco Barletta
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  6. Reha-Baris Incesu
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  7. Zhe Tian
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  8. Fred Saad
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  9. Alberto Briganti
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  10. Carlo Terrone
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  11. Shahrokh F. Shariat
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  12. Markus Graefen
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  13. Derya Tilki
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  14. Alessandro Antonelli
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  15. Ottavio De Cobelli
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  16. Marina Kosiba
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  17. Severine Banek
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  18. Luis A. Kluth
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  19. Felix K. H. Chun
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  20. Pierre I. Karakiewicz
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Contributions

Conceptualization: CCG, MLP, PIK; methodology: CCG, ZT, PIK; formal analysis and investigation: CCG, MLP, ST, AP, FB, R-BI; writing—original draft preparation: CCG; writing—review and editing: MLP, ST, AP, FB, R-BI, ZT, FS, AB, CT, SFS, MG, DT, AA, ODeC, MK, SB, LAK, FKHC, PIK; supervision: PIK.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina Cano Garcia.

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Conflict of interest

Shahrokh F. Shariat: Horonraria: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Speakers’ Bureau: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen, Movember Foundation. Patents: Method to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer—granted 2002–09-06, Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer—granted 2003–06-19, Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease—granted 2004–08-05; Soluble Fas urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma—granted 2010–07-20. Our research was conducted without any other potential conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All analyses and their reporting followed the SEER reporting guidelines. Due to the anonymously coded design of the SEER database, study‐specific Institutional Review Board ethics approval was not required.

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Cano Garcia, C., Piccinelli, M.L., Tappero, S. et al. Differences in overall survival of T2N0M0 bladder cancer patients vs. population-based controls according to treatment modalities. Int Urol Nephrol 55, 1117–1123 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03517-0

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