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Indole-3-acetic acid correlates with monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) in chronic kidney disease patients

International Urology and Nephrology (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose

Indole-3-acetic acid is a protein-bound indolic uremic toxin deriving from tryptophan metabolism. Increased levels are associated with higher thrombotic risk and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. An emerging biomarker of cardiovascular disease is the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association of indole-3-acetic acid with MHR and other markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

We enrolled 61 non-dialysis CKD patients and 6 dialysis patients. Indole-3-acetic acid levels were measured with ELISA technique.

Results

In the whole cohort of 67 patients, indole-3-acetic acid was directly related to Ca × P (ρ = 0.256; P = 0.0365) and MHR (ρ = 0.321; P = 0.0082). In the 40 patients with previous cardiovascular events, indole-3-acetic acid correlated with uric acid (r = 0.3952; P = 0.0116) and MHR (ρ = 0.380; P = 0.0157). MHR was related with fibrinogen (ρ = 0.426; P = 0.0010), arterial hypertension (ρ = 0.274; P = 0.0251), C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.332; P = 0.0061), gender (ρ = − 0.375; P = 0.0017; 0 = male, 1 = female), and CKD stage (ρ = 0.260; P = 0.0337). A multiple regression analysis suggested that indole-3-acetic acid might be an independent predictor of MHR.

Conclusion

This study shows a significant association between indole-3-acetic acid and MHR. Prospective studies are required to evaluate if decreasing indole-3-acetic acid concentrations may reduce MHR levels and cardiovascular events and improve clinical outcomes.

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Availability of data and material

All data and materials support the published claims and comply with field standards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n. 1, 98124, Messina, Italy

    Valeria Cernaro, Vincenzo Calabrese, Guido Gembillo, Adolfo Romeo, Elisa Longhitano, Domenico Santoro & Michele Buemi

  2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Saverio Loddo, Roberta Corsaro, Vincenzo Macaione & Valentina Teresa Ferlazzo

  3. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Rosalia Maria Cigala, Francesco Crea & Concetta De Stefano

  4. Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Salvatore Benvenga

  5. Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Salvatore Benvenga

  6. Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy

    Salvatore Benvenga

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  1. Valeria Cernaro
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Cernaro, V., Calabrese, V., Loddo, S. et al. Indole-3-acetic acid correlates with monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) in chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03137-0

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Keywords

  • Acetate-free biofiltration (AFB)
  • Cardiovascular risk
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • Indole-3-acetic acid
  • Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR)
  • Tryptophan