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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the prognosis of the localized prostate cancer

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Background

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is an enzyme that acts as an immunomodulatory molecule. It is found in several types of cancer where it seems to be associated with tumor escape due to its immunosuppressive mechanisms. However, the role of IDO1 expression in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of IDO1 in localized PC and to correlate with the classic prognostic factor and recurrence after surgical treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated surgical specimens from 111 patients with localized PC, who underwent radical prostatectomy. Recurrence was defined as a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level exceeding 0.2 ng/mL postoperatively, and the follow-up was 123 months. IDO1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 72 cases of which 42 (58%) had biochemical recurrence.

Results

Lower IDO1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score (p = 0.022) and PSA levels (p = 0.042). The multivariate analyses revealed that the loss of IDO1 and higher PSA were independently associated with biochemical recurrence. The chance of recurrence was increased by 85% in patients with lower IDO1 [OR = 0.15; p = 0.009 CI 95% (0.038–0.633)] and increased by 5.5 times in patients with higher PSA [OR = 5.51; p = 0.012 CI 95% (1.435–21.21)]. The recurrence-free survival curve also demonstrates that lower IDO1 was associated with lower time to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.0004).

Conclusion

The loss of IDO1 expression was associated with increased chance of biochemical recurrence, higher PSA, and a Gleason score in localized PC.

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Acknowledgements

We are sincerely grateful to Angela Batista Gomes dos Santos for her technical assistance.

Funding

The study was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), process number 2010/19525-8.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil

    Janaina Mendes Ferreira, Humberto Dellê, Cleber Pinto Camacho, Robson José Almeida, Yves Silva Teles Matos, Amanda M. Ramos Lima & José Pontes-Júnior

  2. Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Sabrina Thalita Reis, Kátia Ramos Moreira Leite, José Pontes-Júnior & Miguel Srougi

Authors
  1. Janaina Mendes Ferreira
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  2. Humberto Dellê
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  3. Cleber Pinto Camacho
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  4. Robson José Almeida
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  5. Sabrina Thalita Reis
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  8. Kátia Ramos Moreira Leite
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  9. José Pontes-Júnior
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  10. Miguel Srougi
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Contributions

JMF: Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. HD: Design, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. Involved in drafting and revising the manuscript. CPC: Analysis and interpretation of data. Involved in drafting and revising the manuscript. STR: Analysis and interpretation of data. YSTM: Analysis and interpretation of data. RJA: Analysis and interpretation of data. AERL: Analysis and interpretation of data. KRML: Acquisition and interpretation of data. Involved in drafting and revising the manuscript. JP: Design, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. Involved in drafting and revising the manuscript. MS: Acquisition and interpretation of data. Involved in drafting and revising the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Janaina Mendes Ferreira.

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None of the contributing authors have any conflict of interest, including specific financial interests or relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.

Ethical approval

This study received Institutional Review Board approval by the Ethical Board under the protocol 1074/04.

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Ferreira, J.M., Dellê, H., Camacho, C.P. et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the prognosis of the localized prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 52, 1477–1482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02414-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02414-0

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