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Association of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with risk factors of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients

  • Nephrology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are significance factors in the diagnosis and intervention of diabetic kidney diseases. This study determined levels of these proteins in diabetic patients with varying degrees of kidney disease and assessed their relationship with risk factors associated with diabetic kidney diseases.

Methods

A total of 185 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups [low risk (n = 47), moderate risk (n = 63), and high risk (n = 75)] based on the severity of diabetic kidney disease according to kidney disease: improving global outcomes guidelines. Both urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Student`s t test, analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The kidney injury molecule-1-to-creatinine ratio (P = 0.035) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-to-creatinine ratio (P < 0.001) increased significantly with the increase in kidney disease severity and varied according to different albuminuria statuses and estimated glomerular-filtration rates. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-to-creatinine ratio showed a significant correlation with hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.002) and inflammatory marker levels (interleukin-6, P = 0.005; tumor necrosis factor-α, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Urinary levels of both kidney injury molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 represent distinguishing markers for the evaluation of diabetic kidney disease progression according to the associated degrees of albuminuria or/and the estimated glomerular-filtration rate. In addition, correlations between urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and glycemic and inflammatory marker levels revealed the role of hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to members of the research unit at the University Diabetes Center for their help with patient recruitment and to the staff at the Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, for performing routine biochemical and biomarker analyses for this study.

Funding

This study was funded by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST; Grant for Project No. A-T-34–194).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Siddiqui & Salini Scaria Joy

  2. University Diabetes Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Al-Rubeaan

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  1. Khalid Siddiqui
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  2. Salini Scaria Joy
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  3. Khalid Al-Rubeaan
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Correspondence to Khalid Siddiqui.

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Siddiqui, K., Joy, S.S. & Al-Rubeaan, K. Association of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with risk factors of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients. Int Urol Nephrol 51, 1379–1386 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-019-02201-6

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