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Organ-sparing procedures in GU cancer: part 2-organ-sparing procedures in testicular and penile tumors

  • Urology - Review
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Abstract

Purpose

Organ-sparing surgery (OSS) is recommended in selected patients with testicular tumors and penile cancer (PC). The functional and psychological impacts of organ excision for these genital tumors are profound. In this review, we summarize the indications, techniques and outcomes of OSS for these two tumors.

Methods

PubMed® was searched for relevant articles up to December 2018. For Testicular sparing surgery (TSS) search, keywords used were; testicular tumors alone and in combination with “testicular sparing surgery”, “partial orchiectomy” and outcomes. For penile conserving surgery (PCS), keywords used were: penile cancer alone and in combination with “penile conserving surgery”, “partial penectomy” and outcomes. Because of the low quality of available evidence, a narrative rather that systematic review has been performed.

Results

Indications of TSS are tumors ≤ 2 cm in solitary testis or bilateral tumors and no rete testis invasion. Prerequisites include normal testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels and patient compliance with follow-up. Indications for PCS are distal penile lesions with clinical stage ≤ T1. Adequate penile stump (3 cm) is required after surgery to maintain forward urine stream. Frozen section helps to reduce the risk of recurrence. Local recurrence after PCS is not associated with reduced survival and can be managed with another PCS in selected patients. The reported oncological and functional outcomes following TSS and PCS are adequate.

Conclusions

In properly selected patient OSS in testicular and penile tumors has a comparable oncological outcome to total organ excision with added advantages of preserving organ function and psychological well-being.

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Abbreviations

CIS:

Carcinoma in situ

FS:

Frozen section

GCT:

Germ cell tumor

GL:

Glansectomy

GR:

Glandular Resurfacing

GTCSG:

German Testicular Cancer Study Group

IIEF:

International Index of Erectile Function-5

MMS:

Mohs micrographic surgery

PC:

Penile cancer

PCS:

Penile conserving surgery

PP:

Partial penectomy

STSG:

Split thickness skin graft

TIN:

Testicular intraepithelial germ cell neoplasia

TP:

Total penectomy

TSS:

Testicular sparing surgery

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Mohamed H. Kamel, Mahmoud I. Khalil, Ehab Eltahawy & Rodney Davis

  2. Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. De Bakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Nabil K. Bissada

  3. Department of Urology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed H. Kamel, Mahmoud I. Khalil & Ehab Eltahawy

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  1. Mohamed H. Kamel
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Correspondence to Nabil K. Bissada.

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Kamel, M.H., Khalil, M.I., Eltahawy, E. et al. Organ-sparing procedures in GU cancer: part 2-organ-sparing procedures in testicular and penile tumors. Int Urol Nephrol 51, 1699–1708 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-019-02182-6

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