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Relationship between prehypertension and incidence of chronic kidney disease in a general population: a prospective analysis in central south China

  • Nephrology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Objective

The objective of the study was to investigate whether prehypertension is associated with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population in central south China.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was carried out in 1,703 white-collar workers without preexisting CKD in Changsha in 2006 at baseline. The cohort population was followed for an average of 54 months by annual examinations. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation modified by the Chinese coefficient. CKD was defined as positive albuminuria or an estimated GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Blood pressure (BP) categories were defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The association of blood pressure and CKD incidence was examined using a Cox regression model adjusted for relevant factors.

Results

During the follow-up of cohort, 194 incidences of CKD were recorded. Compared with normotension group, the hazard ratios (95 % confidential intervals) for CKD were 1.25 (1.02–1.85) in prehypertension group, 1.62 (1.07–2.79) in undiagnosed hypertension group, and 1.98 (1.15–3.96) in diagnosed hypertension group. Kaplan–Meier curves showed there was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of CKD between the different blood pressure categories (log-rank test, P < 0.001). The independent risk factors of CKD were age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure according to the Cox proportional hazard analysis. It was found that 2.4 % in participants with CKD incidences could be described as excessive incidence attributable to prehypertension.

Conclusion

Prehypertension is significantly associated with CKD in a Chinese urban population.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by a grant from Key Science and Technology Projects in Hunan Province (2011SK2012) and a grant from Science and Technology Plan Projects (2011BAI11B01).We thank Chang Liu for his help in programming and statistical analyses as well as all participants for their contribution.

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China

    Xia Cao & Zhiheng Chen

  2. Department of Pediatrics, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China

    Xiumei Xie

  3. Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China

    Jiansong Zhou

  4. Department of Clinical Pharmacology Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China

    Hong Yuan

Authors
  1. Xia Cao
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  2. Xiumei Xie
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  3. Jiansong Zhou
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  4. Hong Yuan
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  5. Zhiheng Chen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhiheng Chen.

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Cao, X., Xie, X., Zhou, J. et al. Relationship between prehypertension and incidence of chronic kidney disease in a general population: a prospective analysis in central south China. Int Urol Nephrol 46, 2183–2189 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0805-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0805-z

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