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Renal insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of papillary renal cell carcinoma histology

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acquired renal cystic disease associated with dialysis are known risk factors of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC); however, it is not known whether renal insufficiency alone is a risk factor for pRCC. Our aim was to test whether renal insufficiency is associated with an increased preponderance of pRCC.

Methods

Retrospective review of institutional database to identify all patients who underwent extirpative renal surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with complete records from 1992 to 2012. We excluded those patients with preoperative ESRD as defined by GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The dependent variable was histologic RCC subtype. Independent variables included demographic data, comorbidities, and renal functional data. Multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that independently were associated with pRCC development.

Results

A total of 1,226 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 15 % were pRCC. There was a positive association between likelihood of pRCC histology of RCC and increasing preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage (p = 0.021). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that male gender, race, and declining renal function categorized both by GFR and CKD stage were independently associated with a higher likelihood of pRCC histology as compared to other RCC histology.

Conclusions

Within a large cohort of patients with a diagnosis of RCC, declining renal function was independently associated with an increased likelihood of pRCC histology. This finding and the available molecular evidence indicating protein expression similarity between pRCC and resident stem cells, which appear to be upregulated with kidney damage, suggest a possible causal relationship between renal injury and pRCC.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

This retrospective human study has been approved by the Columbia University Medical Center institutional review board and has therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All patients have given their informed consent to be part of our institutional surgical registry of genitourinary cancers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion – 11th Floor 161 Ft. Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Solomon L. Woldu, Aaron C. Weinberg, James M. McKiernan & G. Joel DeCastro

  2. Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Arindam RoyChoudhury

  3. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Herbert Chase

  4. Department of Nephrology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Sean D. Kalloo

Authors
  1. Solomon L. Woldu
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  2. Aaron C. Weinberg
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  3. Arindam RoyChoudhury
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  4. Herbert Chase
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  5. Sean D. Kalloo
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  6. James M. McKiernan
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  7. G. Joel DeCastro
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Solomon L. Woldu.

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Woldu, S.L., Weinberg, A.C., RoyChoudhury, A. et al. Renal insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of papillary renal cell carcinoma histology. Int Urol Nephrol 46, 2127–2132 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0780-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0780-4

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