Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) duration on food intake and nutritional markers in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
Twenty CKD patients received maintenance HD over a 9-year period. At the beginning of the study (T0) and at 3-year intervals (T1, T2, and T3) during the 9-year follow-up, a nutritional survey using the 24-h recall and record method was repeated for 4 days, and the blood samples were drawn. The results from T0 were used as references. Nutritional status was assessed through food intake, nutritional markers (urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin), and anthropometric measurements (height, dry weight, and body mass index).
Results
HD duration was correlated with energy intake (r = −0.89, P < 0.01), protein intake (r = −0.50, P < 0.05), and body mass index (r = −0.50, P < 0.05). Albuminemia decreased over time. Reduced carbohydrate intakes were noted in patients at T1 (−8%), T2 (−38%), and T3 (−59%) with decreased fiber intakes. Lipid intake was diminished by 11, 17, and 25% in patients, respectively, at T1, T2, and T3. The consumption of milk and dairy products, meats, fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and fat was reduced at T1, T2, and T3. In conclusion, long-term HD fails to correct undernutrition caused by CKD. Long-term dialysis complications could be reduced with preventive measures, including the use of biocompatible membranes and high-dose dialysis. Consequently, patients could experience a decreased prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shinaberger CS, Kilpatrick RD, Regidor DL et al (2006) Longitudinal associations between dietary protein intake and survival in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 48:37–49
Dukkipati R, Kopple JD (2009) Causes and prevention of protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney failure. Semin Nephrol 29(1):39–49
De Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Axelsson J et al (2008) Excess mortality due to interaction between protein-energy wasting, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(9):2957–2964
Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2009) Why is protein-energy wasting associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease? Semin Nephrol 29(1):3–14
Leavey SF, Strawderman RL, Young EW et al (2000) Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of serum albumin in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 58:2119–2128
McDonald SP, Marshall MR, Johnson DW et al (2009) Relationship between dialysis modality and mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol 20(1):155–163
Eknoyan G, Beck GJ, Cheung AK et al (2002) Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 347:2010–2019
Port FK, Ashby VB, Dhingra RK et al (2002) Dialysis dose and body mass index are strongly associated with survival in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:1061–1066
GENI 6.0 (2000) Gestion d’Enquêtes Nutritionnelles Informatisées. Software for Windows. Micro 6. Nancy, France
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL et al (1951) Protein measurement with the folin reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Daugirdas JT (1990) Rapid method for estimating Kt/V: three formulas compared. ASAIO Trans 36:362–364
Mehrotra R, Kopple JD (2001) Nutritional management of maintenance dialysis patients: why aren’t we doing better? Annu Rev Nutr 21:343–379
Burrowes JD, Cockram DB, Dwyer JT et al (2002) Cross-sectional relationship between dietary protein and energy intake, nutritional status, functional status, and comorbidity in older versus younger hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 12:87–95
Dobell E, Chan M, Williams P et al (1993) Food preferences and food habits of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. J Am Diet Assoc 93:1129–1135
Chazot C, Laurent G, Charra B et al (2001) Malnutrition in long-term haemodialysis survivors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:61–69
Bazzi C, Arrigo G, Luciani L et al (1995) Clinical features of 24 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment for 16–23 years a single unit. Clin Nephrol 44:96–107
Marcén R, Teruel JL, Angel de la Cal M et al (1997) The impact of malnutrition in morbidity and mortality in stable haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:2324–2331
Friedman AN, Fadem SZ (2010) Reassessment of albumin as a nutritional marker in kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 21(2):223–230
Mekki K, Prost J, Remaoun M et al (2009) Long term hemodialysis aggravates lipolytic activity reduction and very low density, low density lipoproteins composition in chronic renal failure patients. BMC Cardiovascular Disord 9(41):1–8
Leon JB, Majerle AD, Soinski JA et al (2001) Can a nutrition intervention improve albumin levels among hemodialysis patients? A pilot study. J Ren Nutr 11:9–15
Jager KJ, Merkus MP, Huisman RM et al (2001) The NECOSAD Study Group. Nutritional status over time in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1272–1279
Locatelli F, Mastrangelo F, Redaelli B et al (1996) Effects of different membranes and dialysis technologies on patients treatment tolerance and nutritional parameters. The Italian Cooperative Dialysis Study Group. Kidney Int 50:1293–1302
Mehrotra R, Berman N, Alistwani A et al (2002) Improvement of nutritional status after initiation of maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 40:133–142
Nakao T, Matsumoto H, Okada T et al (2003) Nutritional management of dialysis patients: balancing among nutrient intake, dialysis dose, and nutritional status. Am J Kidney Dis 41:S133–S136
Spanner E, Suri R, Heidenheim AP et al (2003) The impact of quotidian hemodialysis on nutrition. Am J Kidney Dis 42:30–35
Azar AT, Wahba K, Mohamed AS et al (2007) Association between dialysis dose improvement and nutritional status among hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 27(2):113–119
Teixeira Nunes F, de Campos G, Xavier de Paula SM et al (2008) Dialysis adequacy and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 12(1):45–51
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mekki, K., Remaoun, M., Belleville, J. et al. Hemodialysis duration impairs food intake and nutritional parameters in chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol 44, 237–244 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-010-9875-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-010-9875-8