Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances have drastic negative effects on the biodiversity, thereby also compromising the ecosystem service it provides. Bees are one of the key players since they provide essential pollination services for both natural and agriculture ecosystems. Nevertheless, these insects are facing an increasing threat due to expansion of urban areas and inappropriate land use practices. Therefore, understanding the impact of different anthropogenic disturbances on bee communities is essential to assure the ecosystem functioning and human well-being. In this study, we made use of a well-known bee group, i.e., euglossine bees (Euglossine: Apidae), and of a fast-growing city to investigate the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on bee community. Using scent traps, we monthly collected male euglossine bees in seven sampling areas, differing in terms of the anthropogenic use/disturbance. Land use in each area was characterized through pre-georeferenced images and mapping software and from these data we calculated an Anthropogenic Transformation Index. Our results reveal that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts the euglossine bee community, in contrast to the positive effect of the proximity to the river. However, and perhaps the most alarming aspect of our findings, is the interaction effect between these two conditions, demonstrating that as we approach the river, parameters such as abundance, species richness, and diversity of these bee communities become more compromised by disturbance. Our study shows the urgent need to implement effective conservation strategies and sustainable management practices to protect and restore riparian forests in Caatinga urban areas, aiming to safeguard its associated biota and the valuable ecosystem services they provide.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. Airton T. Carvalho and Hiram M. Falcão for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Eudair R. Telles for support with field activities.
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This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Universal Proc.n. 422647/2021–7). Grants were provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/PQ Proc.n. 313948/2021-6) and by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES Brazil—Finance code 001).
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A.M.C.M, A.D-M and P.M-P contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by A.M.C.M, E.G.S, A.M.S., M.F.R, A.D-M and P.M-P. The first draft of the manuscript was written by A.M.C.M and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Mariano, A.M.C., Domingos-Melo, A., da Silva, E.G. et al. Where the risk is more intense: riparian forests keep the euglossine bees community most affected by anthropic disturbance in the Caatinga dry forest. Urban Ecosyst (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01531-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01531-3