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Native plant gardens support more microbial diversity and higher relative abundance of potentially beneficial taxa compared to adjacent turf grass lawns

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Abstract

With increased population growth and suburban sprawl, anthropogenic landscapes such as urban ecosystems are becoming increasingly abundant, with changes in land cover contributing to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. As such, it is important to understand how land cover choices impact ecosystem services and functions within urban ecosystems. Turf grass lawns are the default landscape in North America, but recent efforts have focused on replacing lawns with native plant communities. Native plant communities within urban ecosystems increase abundance and diversity of insects and insectivorous birds, but less is known about how native gardens could impact underlying soil bacterial communities. In this study, we identified 13 sites in the Omaha/Lincoln, Nebraska, USA area with native plant gardens that were converted from turf grass. We collected soil samples in October, 2020 (n = 18 native garden soil samples and n = 13 turf grass samples) and isolated DNA for high throughput sequencing. We compared the bacterial community structure, bacterial diversity, and individual bacterial taxa between native plant gardens and adjacent turf grass. We found several potentially beneficial bacterial taxa to be more abundant in native garden soil than in adjacent turf. The genera Gemmatimonas, Kofleria, and Acidobacteria belonging to Subdivision3 genera incertae sedis, were significantly more abundant in native garden soils, while Solirubrobacter was significantly more abundant in turf grass soils. Kofleria has been suggested as a keystone taxon for rich organic soils, while greater abundance of Gemmatimonas in native garden soils indicates a high level of soil carbon and phosphorous sequestration and functions as a potential sink for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Native gardens also supported significantly more bacterial biodiversity than adjacent turf. These findings suggest that conversion of turf grass to native gardens could improve ecosystem services associated with soil bacterial diversity such as increased carbon sequestration, phosphate dissolution, and soil reduction of nitrous oxide.

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Availability of data and material

The raw sequencing data files have been uploaded to NCBI Genbank under BioProject number PRJNA839060 and csv files will be made available upon request.

Code availability

All R script will be made available upon request for reproducibility of findings.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express gratitude to the property owners for allowing us to take soil samples and measurements. We also thank the reviewers and editor for the critical review that improved the quality of this manuscript.

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This work was supported by the Wilson Enhancement Fund for Applied Research at Bellevue University.

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  1. Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, 1000 Galvin Road South, Bellevue, NE, 68005, USA

    Danielle S. Baldi, Christine E. Humphrey, John A. Kyndt & Tyler C. Moore

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D.B., J.K., and T.M. conceived the concept of the study. T.M. collected soil samples. D.B., C.H., J.K., and T.M. processed samples and performed high throughput sequencing. J.K. and T.M. analyzed data. T.M. and J.K. wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tyler C. Moore.

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Baldi, D.S., Humphrey, C.E., Kyndt, J.A. et al. Native plant gardens support more microbial diversity and higher relative abundance of potentially beneficial taxa compared to adjacent turf grass lawns. Urban Ecosyst 26, 807–820 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-022-01325-5

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