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American Oystercatcher benefits from a heterogeneous landscape to breed in an urbanized area in southern Brazil

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Abstract

Urbanization is a major form of landscape transformation that often results in habitat degradation and loss for birds. However, effects on avian populations are trait- and context-dependent, and persistence at urban patches is likely to be a function of habitat availability at the landscape scale. Here, we aimed to assess the breeding performance and foraging ecology of a widespread shorebird, the American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 breeding seasons at a small urban beach surrounded by a heterogeneous landscape in southern Brazil. Twelve pairs were able to breed consistently and successfully fledge offspring in 20% of nesting attempts at the urban site, with overall productivity of 0.37 fledglings per pair. Food remains collected within seven successful nesting territories and stable isotope analysis in blood samples of adults and chicks indicated that oystercatchers relied on invertebrates from both sandy beaches and rocky shores as food resources. Furthermore, eight out of 21 color-marked individuals from the urban beach were consistently recorded using an insular marine protected area ~ 2 km offshore, revealing a connection between unprotected and protected habitat patches. Although oystercatchers had to perform multiple foraging trips in order to collect food, the ability to explore different environments in the landscape may be critical in the region, especially with human disturbance at its peak on beaches during the summer. Our findings suggest that shorebirds breeding in urban areas may rely on heterogeneous landscapes, where distinct and protected habitat patches can provide complementary resources that allow breeding successfully.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to all colleagues and students from Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS) and Refúgio de Vida Silvestre da Ilha dos Lobos (REVIS Lobos/ICMBio) for helping during fieldwork, especially to Aline Kellermann, Daniela M. Oliveira, Gabriel G. Larre, Martin S. Perez and Rushell F. Borssatto. We would also like to thank Caroline Portal for the map of the study area; Daniela M. Oliveira for the two photos of American Oystercatchers included as Online Resource; REVIS Lobos/ICMBio through the project Áreas Marinhas e Costeiras Protegidas (GEF Mar) and Fundação Grupo Boticário (Grant# 1153-2019) for financial support; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/ICMBio) for support, band permits (No. 4423) and providing metal bands; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for the sampling permits (No. 64234). F.F. receives a PhD. Scholarship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), through the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (FURG). L.B. is research fellow from CNPq (PQ 311409/2018-0). The research group Observa Litoral (UERGS/CNPq) contributed to this study.

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Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) through the project Áreas Marinhas e Costeiras Protegidas (GEF Mar), Fundação Grupo Boticário and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Conservação (LABeC), Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Osório, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Bruno de Andrade Linhares, Fernando da Motta Rosso & Paulo Henrique Ott

  2. Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Bruno de Andrade Linhares, Guilherme Tavares Nunes & Fernando da Motta Rosso

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Bruno de Andrade Linhares & Fernando Azevedo Faria

  4. Laboratório de Aves Aquáticas e Tartarugas Marinhas (LAATM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Bruno de Andrade Linhares, Fernando Azevedo Faria & Leandro Bugoni

  5. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS), Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Paulo Henrique Ott

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  1. Bruno de Andrade Linhares
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  2. Guilherme Tavares Nunes
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  4. Fernando da Motta Rosso
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Contributions

PHO conceived the study idea; BAL, GTN and PHO designed the study; BAL performed the monitoring of breeding activities and food remain collections; BAL, FMR, GTN and PHO performed the fieldwork to capture and mark birds; BAL, FMR and PHO performed the on-board expeditions to Ilha dos Lobos; FAF and LB provided logistical, financial and technical support for the stable isotope analysis, including data analysis; BAL analyzed the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and contributed to the successive versions.

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Correspondence to Bruno de Andrade Linhares.

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Ethics approval

The study was performed under the permits from Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (SISBIO 64234–1) and from the Animal Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

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All the authors consent to participate of this study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Linhares, B.d., Nunes, G.T., Faria, F.A. et al. American Oystercatcher benefits from a heterogeneous landscape to breed in an urbanized area in southern Brazil. Urban Ecosyst 25, 87–100 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01123-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01123-5

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