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Carcass traits and morphometry, typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and non-carcass components of hair lambs: can biscuit bran completely replace corn? A machine learning approach

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Abstract

Biscuit bran (BB) is a co-product with worldwide distribution, with Brazil as the second largest cookie producer in the world with 1,157,051 tons. We evaluate the impact of completely replacing corn with BB on the characteristics and morphometry of carcass of purebred and crossbred Morada Nova lambs using machine learning techniques as an auxiliary method. Twenty male lambs from two genetic groups (GG) were used: purebred red-coated Morada Nova (MNR) and crossbred MNR × white-coated Morada Nova (MNF1). Supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques were used. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between diets (D) and genetic groups (GG) and no simple isolated effect was observed for carcass characteristics, qualitative-quantitative typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, weight of non-carcass components, weight and yield of commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements. The formation of two horizontal clusters was verified: (i) crossed lambs with corn and BB and (ii) purebred lambs fed corn and BB. Vertically, three clusters were formed based on carcass and meat characteristics of native lambs: (i) thermal insulation, body capacity, true yield, and commercial cuts; (ii) choice, performance, physical carcass traits, and palatability; and (iii) yield cuts and non-carcass components. The heatmap also allowed us to observe that pure MN lambs had a greater body capacity when fed BB, while those fed corn showed superiority in commercial cuts, true yields, and non-carcass components. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. BB can be considered an alternative energy source in total replacement of corn. Integrating of machine learning techniques is a useful statistical tool for studies with large numbers of variables, especially when it comes to analyzing complex data with multiple effects in the search for data patterns and insights in decision-making on the farm.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Data availability

Data will be made available on request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

FA:

Factorial analysis

AL:

Arm length

AP:

Arm perimeter

BB:

Biscuit bran

BL:

Body length

CCI:

Carcass compactness index

CDA:

Canonical discriminant analysis

CP:

Chest perimeter

CCW:

Cold carcass weight

CWL:

Cooling weight loss

FBW:

Fasting body weight

GG:

Genetic group

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

HCW:

Hot carcass weight

IL:

Internal length

LEA:

Loin eye area

MN:

Morada Nova sheep

SFT:

Subcutaneous fat thickness

PC:

Principal components

TL:

Thigh length

TP:

Thigh perimeter

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

The Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP)—Research Productivity Scholarship Program, Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa, Estímulo à Interiorização e a Inovação Tecnológica – BPI04/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13.418-900, Brazil

    Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira

  2. Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), Sobral, CE, 62.040-370, Brazil

    Luiz Fernando da Silva César, Hélio Henrique Araújo Costa, Elayne Cristina Gadelha Vasconcelos & Aline Vieira Landim

  3. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, 36.570-90, Brazil

    Luiz Carlos Oliveira de Sousa

  4. Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13.416-000 , Brazil

    Concepta McManus

  5. Hamilton Institute Math and Stats, University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland, Kildare, Ireland

    Danilo Augusto Sarti

  6. Department of Animal Science and Dairy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Anderson Antonio Carvalho Alves

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  1. Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira
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  2. Luiz Fernando da Silva César
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Contributions

RMF Silveira, LF da S César, HHA Costa, ECG Vasconcelos, C. Mcmanus, AV Landim L Sousa, D.A Sarti, Alves, AAC (Supervision, Project administration, Methodology; Writing—original draft and Funding acquisition).

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Correspondence to Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira.

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To the procedures for animals followed the guidelines recommended by the Ethical Committee Use of Animals– CEUA/UVA Protocol n° 002.10.020.UVA.504.02.

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Silveira, R.M.F., da Silva César, L.F., de Sousa, L.C.O. et al. Carcass traits and morphometry, typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and non-carcass components of hair lambs: can biscuit bran completely replace corn? A machine learning approach. Trop Anim Health Prod 56, 162 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-04007-w

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