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Genetic diversity in creole pigs in south central Peru

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Abstract

The creole pigs represent 67% of the national population in Peru. They are a source of economic income in rural communities, and due to their rusticity, they are not much labor demanding. However, knowledge about its genetic diversity remains scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the population structure and genetic diversity of creole pigs from rural communities in south central Peru. Thirteen microsatellites were used to characterize 120 creole pigs from the departments of Ayacucho (57) and Apurimac (63). The samples were taken from hair follicles and ear tissue. Nine microsatellites were highly polymorphic and informative (PIC > 0.5) for both departments. The Ayacucho population had a mean number of alleles (MNA) and expected heterozygosity (HE) of 8.8 and 0.68, respectively, while in the Apurimac population, these were 8.9 and 0.71, respectively. Both populations showed in less than 50% of their loci a deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was a moderate genetic structure according to the analysis of molecular variance and the FST statistics (0.06), which was corroborated by Bayesian methods. In conclusion, the genetic diversity was mostly due to the intrapopulation variance (91%). Some individuals from Ayacucho shared similar alleles with those from Apurimac. This latter result may be due to their geographic proximity and the introduction of the same new exotic breeds. This is the first research on the genetic diversity of creole pigs in south central Peru. In fact, this study could serve as a basis for conservation strategies and actions in this region.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful to the vice rectorate of research of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina for funding the resources for writing the manuscript. They express their gratitude to Dra. Dina Gutierrez, Dr. Rodomiro Ortiz, Dra. Isabel Molina, and Biol. Claudia Yalta for reviewing the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Biol. Lenín Chumbe, Biol. Rolando Valladares, and Eng. Alan Ordoñez for their help during the pig’s ear and hair follicle sampling. They thank all the pig farmers who accepted the sampling of their animals in this study. They also thank Biol. Engler Puente for helping them with the map elaboration.

Funding

This Research was funded by Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria (PNIA), Proyecto 094_PI. Caracterización de los recursos Zoogenéticos y naturalizados de importancia para la seguridad alimentaria del Peru (R.D. N° 010–2015-INIA-PNIA-DE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina S/N, La Molina, Lima, Peru, C.P. 15024

    Rosa Luna & Gustavo Gutiérrez

  2. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Av. La Molina 1981, Lima, Peru, C.P. 15024

    Wendy Acuña & Eudosio Veli

  3. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina S/N, La Molina, Lima, Peru, C.P. 15024

    María del Rosario Castro Muñoz

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  1. Rosa Luna
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  2. Wendy Acuña
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  3. Gustavo Gutiérrez
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  4. María del Rosario Castro Muñoz
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Contributions

Methodology, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, visualization, and conceptualization: RL, WA, GG, and MRC-M; funding acquisition: EV; investigation: RL, WA, and EV; resources: WA and EV; data curation: RL, WA, and EV; writing—original draft preparation: RL and MRC-M; supervision: EV; and project administration: WA and EV.

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Correspondence to María del Rosario Castro Muñoz.

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The animals were handled according to the guidelines of the Peruvian Animal Protection and Welfare Law (Law No. 30407).

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Luna, R., Acuña, W., Gutiérrez, G. et al. Genetic diversity in creole pigs in south central Peru. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03839-2

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