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Comparative evaluation of nutrient composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of de-oiled meals from walnut, hazelnut, almond, and sesame

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Abstract

This study aimed to establish a comparative database on the chemical composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of the de-oiled meals produced from walnut, hazelnut, almond, and sesame seeds from the ruminant nutrition perspective. The meals were provided in dried form after their oil harvest using the cold-pressing oil extraction method. Crude protein (CP) constituted the major component of the meals and was the greatest in walnut and almond (average of 45.6% of dry matter (DM)], intermediate in hazelnut meal (41.4%), and least in sesame meal (33.3%)). Potassium was the most abundant mineral in walnut, hazelnut, and almond meals, followed by phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The CP fractions determined using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System were largely different across the meals, with fraction A being the greatest in hazelnut (40.9% of CP) and intermediate in almond, sesame, and walnut meals (11.4% of CP). The unavailable CP fraction (fraction C) was the least abundant fraction in all meals, ranging from 0.13% of CP in walnut to 3.30% of CP in hazelnut meal. Oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant unsaturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid was the principal fatty acid in all meals analyzed. The fractional degradation rate (h−1) ranged from 0.043 in almond meal to 0.017 in walnut meal. In vitro intestinal CP digestibility (% of rumen-undegraded protein) ranged from 91.6 in hazelnut meal to 97.2 in almond meal. Total phenolics expressed as milligram tannic acid equivalent/gram DM was greatest in walnut meal (11.9), resulting in the greatest antioxidant activity recorded for walnut meal (83.2%). This study provided a database on the nutrient composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant capacity of the selected de-oiled meals. Additional investigation is needed to identify the in vivo response of their inclusion in the diet of ruminants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Co. (Kashan, Iran) for kindly providing the meals.

Funding

This research was funded by Iran National Science Foundation (Grant # 92021270).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Negin Jamali Emam Gheise & Ahmad Riasi

  2. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Ahmad Zare Shahneh

  3. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Veria Naseri & Farokh Kafilzadeh

  4. Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Company, Kashan, Iran

    Alireza Bolandnazar

  5. Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea

    Farhad Ahmadi

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Contributions

Study conception and design: NJEG, AR, FA. Data curation: AR, AZS, VN, FK. Formal analysis: NJEG. Methodology: NJEG. Software: AB. Validation: AR, AZS, VN, FK. Investigation: NJEG. Writing—original draft: NJEG, FA. Writing—review and editing: AR, AZS, VN, FK.

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Correspondence to Negin Jamali Emam Gheise.

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Gheise, N.J.E., Riasi, A., Shahneh, A.Z. et al. Comparative evaluation of nutrient composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of de-oiled meals from walnut, hazelnut, almond, and sesame. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 333 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03750-w

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