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Impact of bioclimatic factors on physio-biochemical and molecular response of slow-growing poultry reared in tropics

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Abstract

Most of the climatic studies projected on heat stress have considered heat extremes, but not the humidity. Hence, this work was carried out to evaluate thermotolerance, production performance, physio-biochemical and immunological response of slow-growing poultry towards various temperature-humidity levels in coastal climate. A total of 240 straight run CARI-Debendra birds were reared in three groups based on temperature-humidity indices (THI > 80, = 75–80 and < 75). Significant difference (P < 0.01) in rectal and body surface temperatures was observed among treatment groups. Lowest body weight was observed in THI > 80 group as 1.45 kg at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake and FCR; however, total water intake had increased in heat-stressed group. Birds under THI > 80 group had significantly low gizzard weight only at the 12th week compared to other groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in relative weight and length of intestine were noticed which was comparable between seasonal control and THI > 80 group but lower than THI < 75 group at the 6th week. However, at the 12th week, intestinal weight varied among the groups (P = 0.08), but intestinal size did not differ. Among immune organs, significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted only in weight of thymus. Except Cl−, other biochemical indices such as cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, K+ and Na+ did not differ among treatment groups. Relative expression of HSP70 gene was differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the liver, intestine and breast muscles under different THI. The changes reported in seasonal control group during month of October to December revealed better thermotolerance capacity and adaptability of CARI-Debendra birds to coastal hot-humid climate. However, response of this breed to heat stress (THI > 80) reported decrease in growth, immune response and mineral balance attributable to heat loss efficacy in high humidity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very much thankful to ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute for providing fertile eggs of CARI-Debendra birds and ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, for providing facilities and consumables for experiment to carry out the research work. Special thanks are given to Dr R. Ramesh for allowing us to utilize real-time PCR to conduct expression work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi.

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  1. Nibedita Nayak, Subrat Kumar Bhanja, Eaknath B. Chakurkar, Amiya Ranjan Sahu, K. Ashitha, N. Shivasharanappa & Atasha Delia D’Mello

    Present address: ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India

  2. Subrat Kumar Bhanja

    Present address: ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

  3. Eaknath B. Chakurkar

    Present address: ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, A&N Islands, India

  4. N. Shivasharanappa

    Present address: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nibedita Nayak, Subrat Kumar Bhanja, Eaknath B. Chakurkar, Amiya Ranjan Sahu, K. Ashitha, N. Shivasharanappa & Atasha Delia D’Mello

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Contributions

Nibedita Nayak: conceptualization, rearing experiment, recording of parameters, carcass study, CMI, data analysis, draft preparation, review and editing; Subrat Kumar Bhanja: conceptualization, review and draft editing; Eaknath B. Chakurkar: facilitation of experimental needs and draft editing; Amiya Ranjan Sahu: tissue collection, RNA isolation, qRT-PCR, CMI, data analysis, review and draft preparation; Ashitha K.: recording of parameters, carcass study and tissue collection; Shivasharanappa N.: CMI and immune response study; and Atasha Delia D’Mello: data arrangement and table preparation.

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Correspondence to Nibedita Nayak.

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Nayak, N., Bhanja, S.K., Chakurkar, E.B. et al. Impact of bioclimatic factors on physio-biochemical and molecular response of slow-growing poultry reared in tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 253 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03668-3

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