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PCV3-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in Brazil

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Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been widely detected worldwide in healthy and sick pigs. Recently its association with clinical disease and reproductive failure has been proven through the detection of intralesional viral mRNA in affected pigs. This study aims to describe the occurrence of PCV3-associated reproductive failure (abortions) in sow herds in southern Brazil. Eleven fetuses from five different litters from two herds were analyzed. These herds reported an increase in the rate of late-gestation abortions, stillbirths, and the percentage of mummified piglets. At gross examination, six of the fetuses had large caudally rotated ears and one fetus was mummified. Microscopically, multisystemic vasculitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis were observed. These six fetuses with gross and histological lesions were positive in qPCR analysis for PCV3, and PCV3 transcription was shown through in situ hybridization (ISH-RNA) within the histologic lesions. Samples from all 11 fetuses tested negative in PCR exam for Porcine Circovirus type 1 and 2, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Porcine Parvovirus, and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus. Furthermore, based on the ORF2 analysis, the PCV3a clade was identified. This is the first report of PCV3a-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in South America.

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The authors declare that the data and materials are available.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the members of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil for their support.

Funding

Financial support was supplied by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) — Finance Code 001, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), and Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Propesq/UFRGS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Franciéli Adriane Molossi, Bianca Santana de Cecco, Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida, Luan Cleber Henker, Saulo P. Pavarini & David Driemeier

  2. Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Mariana Soares da Silva, Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena & Cláudio Wageck Canal

  3. Agroceres Pic, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luciano Brandalise & Gustavo Manoel Rigueira Simão

  4. University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA

    Fabio Vanucci

Authors
  1. Franciéli Adriane Molossi
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  2. Bianca Santana de Cecco
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  3. Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida
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  4. Luan Cleber Henker
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  5. Mariana Soares da Silva
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  6. Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena
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  7. Cláudio Wageck Canal
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  8. Luciano Brandalise
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  9. Gustavo Manoel Rigueira Simão
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  10. Fabio Vanucci
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  11. Saulo P. Pavarini
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  12. David Driemeier
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Contributions

F. A. M. drafted the study, made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data, and wrote the manuscript. B. S. C., B. A. A., L. C. H., L. B., G. M. R. S., S. P. P., and D. D. made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data and revised it critically for important intellectual content. M. S. S., A. C. S. M., and C. W. C. performed the viral analysis and made substantial contributions to the manuscript. F. V. performed the ISH and made substantial contributions to the final version of the manuscript. All authors approved the version to be published.

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Correspondence to Franciéli Adriane Molossi.

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Molossi, F.A., de Cecco, B.S., de Almeida, B.A. et al. PCV3-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 293 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03282-9

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