Abstract
Aflatoxins and its metabolites negatively impact the ruminant health and production. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the effect of aflatoxins on rumen fermentation by deducing the correlation between the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) excretion in milk and indicators of rumen fermentation in bovines. The indicators of rumen fermentation were taken into account and correlated with AFM1 concentration in milk of 120 bovines (cattle (n = 82) and buffalo (n = 38)). The AFM1 in milk samples (n = 120) was quantified by ELISA kit. The correlation analysis revealed that with increase in excretion of AFM1 in milk, the pH (r = 0.38), methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) (r = 0.43), sedimentation activity time (SAT) (r = 0.31) and ammonia nitrogen content (r = 0.34) of rumen liquor increase, whereas the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content (r = − 0.25), total bacterial count (TBC) (r = − 0.43) and total protozoal count (TPC) (r = − 0.14) of rumen liquor decrease. The results of the present study suggest that the presence of aflatoxins in rumen could have negative effect on the process of rumen fermentation. Therefore, the prevention of primary entry point(s) of AFB1 through the feed of bovines is important for the animal health as well as public health.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, for providing necessary help to write the manuscript. The authors also thank the farmers and veterinary doctors of Punjab who assisted with sample collection during the study.
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The financial support received from the projects of ‘Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), India’ is thankfully acknowledged.
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PD and JSB conceived and designed research. HT and PD conducted sample collection and experiments. PD, JSB, RS and GS analyzed data and supervised the research. HT and PD wrote the manuscript. JSB, RS and GS reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Farmer informed consent was asked during fieldwork. All applicable international, national and/or institutional guideline for the care and use of animals were followed.
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The ethical permission for the collection of rumen liquor samples was taken from the Institutional Animal ethics Committee (IAEC) (IAEC/2019/188–221).
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The consent of the dairy farmers for enrollment in the study was obtained and the samples were taken in presence of regional veterinary doctors.
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Thukral, H., Dhaka, P., Bedi, J.S. et al. Association between aflatoxin M1 excretion in milk and indicators of rumen fermentation in bovines. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 121 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03123-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03123-9