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Current status and unique attributes of Indian Chilika buffalo for adaptation to brackish water ecology

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Abstract

Chilika buffalo is native to the Eastern coast of India and well adapted to the largest coastal brackish water lagoon of Asia, Chilika Lake. We present here a report on the Chilika buffalo breed emphasizing the conservational urgency based on unique biochemical and molecular evidence related to liver and kidney functions while comparing it with tropically adapted other water buffalo breeds (Bubalus bubalis) of India. It is found that the Chilika buffalo breed has a better ability to withstand a long dehydration period as evident from its better glomerular filtration and higher expression of the ion transport channel. Mitochondrial D-loop sequencing results have shown these buffaloes being closer to swamp-type buffaloes of Bangladesh and northeast India and represent a unique “hybrid zone” on the eastern coast of India. Conservation of such uniquely adapted germplasm is crucial owing to the current global trend, where the introduction of exotic breeds has negatively impact “sui-generis” germplasm and they require higher managerial resource consumption for maintaining higher productivity. Further, the introduction of unconventional fisheries activities has proved detrimental to the lagoon ecosystem, potentially causing more threat to the buffalo’s population.

Highlights

  • Indigenous livestock are key indicators of climatic changes and local community sustenance.

  • The Chilika buffalo has an important evolutionary role in riverine buffaloes.

  • The higher SLC9A3 expression enables the Chilika buffalo to thrive in brackish water.

  • The climatic changes and introduction of the exotic breed have distorted the unique germplasm.

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Availability of data and materials

The data used to perform mitochondrial D-loop analysis has been derived from NCBI public repository; Odisha swamp sequences from PopSet: 1530729587, Chinese swamp sequences from PopSet: 1174238592, PopSet: 295917654, and PopSet: 1391920276.

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Funding

The authors duly acknowledge funding and facilities provided by ICAR-NBAGR to carry out this study under Institute Project “Phenotypic and genetic characterization of buffalo populations of Odisha” (code 2.9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India

    Ravinder Singh, Shailendra Kumar Mishra, Ankita Gurao, Saket Kumar Niranjan, Manishi Mukesh & Ranjit Singh Kataria

  2. Department of Biotechnology, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140407, Punjab, India

    Ravinder Singh & C. Rajesh

  3. Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India

    Vikas Vohra

  4. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, OUAT, Bhubaneshwar, 751003, Odisha, India

    S. K. Dash

Authors
  1. Ravinder Singh
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  2. Shailendra Kumar Mishra
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  3. Ankita Gurao
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  4. Saket Kumar Niranjan
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  5. Vikas Vohra
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  6. S. K. Dash
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  7. Manishi Mukesh
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  8. C. Rajesh
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  9. Ranjit Singh Kataria
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Contributions

RS and SKM have performed the experiments and analyzed the data. AG assisted in the manuscript preparation and editing. SKN, VV, MM, and CR have helped in data analysis. SKD helped in the procurement of samples. RSK planned the experiment, supervised, and drafted the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ranjit Singh Kataria.

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Singh, R., Mishra, S.K., Gurao, A. et al. Current status and unique attributes of Indian Chilika buffalo for adaptation to brackish water ecology. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02973-z

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