Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of resistance to gastrointestinal helminth nematodes in two naturally infected indigenous Nigerian goat breeds

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tropical goat breeds often have at least modest resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites (GIN), but enhancement of GIN resistance is important for breed improvement. This study compared changes in fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume, and body weight in Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahelian (SH) male and female weaner kids and adult goats. The RS is found throughout Nigeria, but the SH is found only in the arid Sahel. Goats were evaluated fortnightly for 20 times (MT) under normal grazing conditions and natural GIN infection over 9.5 months, beginning in the dry season (November) and ending at the end of the subsequent wet season (August). Animals were dewormed at the start of the study and during the rainy season (MT 18). Breed differences in FEC and PCV were not observed in weaners. Weaner females had lower FEC than males but were rapidly re-infected after deworming, perhaps in association with attainment of puberty. Adult SH goats of both sexes had lower FEC than RS goats in MT 8 through 17, suggesting a stronger acquired immune response. The FEC in lactating females of both breeds increased rapidly after deworming, to ≥ 3000 eggs per gram of feces at MT 19 and 20. The optimal time to evaluate GIN resistance in weaners was during the early rainy season, but the decision to focus on the initial high FEC near MT 15 or wait until mobilization of the acquired immune response near MT 17 requires further consideration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

Data used in this article are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Agossou, D.J., Dougba, T.D., Koluma, N., 2017. Recent development in goat farming and perspectives for sustainable production in Western Africa, International Journal of Agriculture Environment & Biotechnology, 2, 2047-2051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajayi, F.O., Agaviezor, B.O., Vilawa, G., 2016. Genetic diversity of three Nigerian indigenous goats (Capra hircus) using thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 Alpha gene (THRSP), International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 7, 717-728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aluko, F.A., Ngere, L.O., 2016. Early lambing – kidding, prolificacy and twinning in the Nigerian breeds of sheep and goat, Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 14, 17-30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aparna, S., Radhika, G., Aravindaksan, T.V., Bindu, L., Raghavan, K.C., 2018. Heritability estimation and the factors influencing resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 7, 2011-2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apolloni, A., Corniaux, C., Coste, C., Lancelot, R., Touré, I., 2019. Livestock mobility in West Africa and Sahel and transboundary animal diseases. In: M. Kardjadj, A. Diallo, and R. Lancelot (eds.), Transboundary animal diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions (Springer International Publishing, Basel), pp. 31–52.

  • Barger, I.A., 1993. Influence of sex and reproductive status on susceptibility of ruminants to nematode parasitism, International journal of Parasitology, 23, 463-469.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, S., 2012a. A consideration of resistance and tolerance for ruminant nematode infections, Frontiers in Genetics, 3, 168, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2012.00168.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, S.C., 2012b. Possibilities to breed for resistance to nematode parasite infection in small ruminants in tropical production systems. Animal, 6, 741-747.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J.M., Kaplan, R.M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Getz, W.R., Mobini, S., Valencia, E., Williams, M.J., Williamson, L., Vatta, A.F., 2007. Accuracy of the FAMACHA© system for on-farm use by sheep and goat producers in the southeastern U.S., Veterinary Parasitology, 147, 89–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiejina, S.N., 1986. The epizootiology and control of parasitic gastroenteritis of domesticated ruminants in Nigeria, Helminthological Abstracts, 55, 413-429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edim, E.H., Victor, I.E., Kingsley, N.U., 2020. Phylogenetic analyses of three goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) breeds in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Translational Science and Research, 3, 010, https://doi.org/10.24966/TSR-6899/100010.

  • FAOSTAT, 2019. Live animals, (FAO, Rome). Retrieved June 14, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA.

  • Gordon, H.M., Whitlock, H.V., 1939. A new technique for counting nematode eggs in sheep faeces, Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 12, 50–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove, A.T., 1978. Geographical introduction to the Sahel, The Geographical Journal, 144, 407-415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoste, .H, Sotiraki, S., Yan Landau, S., Jackson, F., Beveridge, I., 2010. Goat–nematode interactions: think differently, Trends in Parasitology, 26, 376–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jibir, M., Isa, A.M., Garba, S., Jibrila, I., Omojola, A.B., 2013. Linear measurements and slaughter characteristics of meat in the semi-arid zone of the North-Western Nigeria, Journal of Animal Sciences Advances, 3, 297-303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R.M., 2004. Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report, Trends in Parasitology, 20, 477–481.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makun, H.J., Abdulganiyu, K.A., Shaibu, S., Otaru, S.M., Okubanjo, O.O., Kudi, C.A., Notter, D.R., 2020. Phenotypic resistance of indigenous goat breeds to infection with Haemonchus contortus in northwestern Nigeria, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52, 79–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makun, H.J., Ajanusi, J.O., Ehochi, O.W., Lakpini, C.A.M., Otaru, S.M., 2008a. Growth rates and milk production potential of Sahelian and Red Sokoto breeds of goats in Northern Guinea Savannah, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 601-606.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makun, H.J., Ajanusi, J.O., Lakpini, C.A.M., Ehoche, O.W., Rekwot, P.I., 2008b. Response of Red Sokoto and Sahelian goats to trickle Haemonchus contortus infection, Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 753-759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandonnet, N., Bachand, M., Mahieu, M., Arquet, R., Baudron, F., Abinne-Molza, L., Varo, H., Aumont, G., 2005. Impact on productivity of peri-parturient rise in fecal egg counts in Creole goats in the humid tropics, Veterinary Parasitology, 134, 249-259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Missohou, A., Talaki, E, Maman Laminou, I., 2006. Diversity and genetic relationships among seven West African goat breeds. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 19, 1245-1251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortensen, L.L, Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R.A., Larsen, M., Kaplan, R.M., 2003. Evaluation of prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in goats, Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association, 223, 495–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Notter, D.R., Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Morgan, J.L.M., 2017. Factors affecting fecal egg counts in periparturient Katahdin ewes and their lambs, Journal of Animal Science, 95, 103-112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Notter, D.R., Ngere, L, Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Morgan, J.L.M., 2018. Genetic parameters for ewe reproductive performance and peri-parturient fecal egg counts and their genetic relationships with lamb body weights and fecal egg counts in Katahdin sheep, Journal of Animal Science, 96, 1579–1589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojo, O.A., Akpa, G.N., Orunmuyi, M., Adeyinka, I.A., 2015. Genetic differentiation among Nigerian indigenous goat populations. Journal of Agricultural Science 7, 39-47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojo, O.A., Akpa, G.N., Orunmuyi, M.,l Adeyinka, I.A., Kabir, M., Alphonsus, C., 2018. Genetic analysis of Nigerian indigenous goat populations using microsattelite markers. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8, 287-294.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prekuna, B.I., Nchang, B.M., Mathew, W., Joseph, J.I., 2020. Sequencing, polymorphism and phylogenetic characterization of KiSS-1 gene in two Nigerian indigenous goat breeds. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 36, 283-295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V., Gringoli, G., 2007. Dairy goat production and the importance of gastrointestinal strongyle parasitism, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101, 745–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rout, P.K., Kumar, A., Behera, B.K., 2020. Reproduction management. In: P.K. Rout, A. Kumar and B.K. Behera (eds), Goat production and supply chain management in the tropics, (CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK), pp. 86–105.

  • Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples), Biometrika, 52, 591–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoyombo, A.J., Animashahun, R.A., Izebere, J., Olawoye, S.O., Yakubu, H., Musa, A.A., 2015. Genetic distance and relationship among indigenous goats using blood biochemical polymorphism. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 6, 1746-1749.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonibare, A.O., Kumshe, H.S., Okewole, E.A., Joshua, R.A., Luka, J., Otesile. E.B. 2014. Haematological responses of three Nigerian goat breeds to field acquired helminthes infection and their haemoglobin types. Biokemistri 26, 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroup, W.W., 2013. Generalized Linear Mixed Models: Modern Concepts, Methods and Applications, (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, N., Nigam, S. 2018. Twentieth-century climate change over Africa: Seasonal hydroclimate trends and Sahara Desert expansion. Journal of Climate 31, 3349–3370.

  • Traoré, A. Álvarez, I., Tambourá, H.H., Fernández, I., Kaboré, A., Royo, L.J., Gutiérrez, J.P., Sangaré, M., Ouédraogo-Sanou, G., Toguyeni, A. Sawadogo, L., Goyache, F., 2009. Genetic characterisation of Burkina Faso goats using microsatellite polymorphism. Livestock Science 123, 322–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udeh, F.U., Ndofor-Foleng, H.M., Omeje, S.S.I., Onodugo, M.O., 2020. Genetic distance and gene flow in five populations of Nigerian local breeds of goat using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 15, 36-42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wyk, J.A., Bath, G.F., 2002. The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment, Veterinary Research, 33, 509–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R.T.,1991. Small ruminant production and the small ruminant genetic resource in tropical Africa, FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 88 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy).

Download references

Funding

Funding for this study was provided by the National Animal Production Research Institute of Ahmadu Bello University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dairy Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Hussaina J. Makun

  2. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Khadijah A. Abdulganiyu & Idris A. Lawal

  3. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Lazarus B. Tekdek

  4. Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    David R. Notter

  5. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usumanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

    Ibrahim A. Abubakar

Authors
  1. Hussaina J. Makun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khadijah A. Abdulganiyu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Idris A. Lawal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lazarus B. Tekdek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. David R. Notter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ibrahim A. Abubakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Hussaina Makun, Lazarus Tekdek, and Idris Lawal conceived and designed the study. Material preparation was carried out by Makun, Khadijah Abdulganiyu, and Ibrahim Abubakar. David Notter, Makun, and Abdulganiyu collected and analyzed the data. The first draft was written by Notter and Makun. All authors commented on and contributed to the various versions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David R. Notter.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

All procedures involving animals were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of Ahmadu Bello University.

Conflicts of interest

The authors of this manuscript declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Makun, H.J., Abdulganiyu, K.A., Lawal, I.A. et al. Evaluation of resistance to gastrointestinal helminth nematodes in two naturally infected indigenous Nigerian goat breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 478 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02921-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02921-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation