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Casein (CSN) gene variants and parity affect the milk protein traits in crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cows in sub-tropical climate

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Abstract

Genotypes at four casein (CSN) loci—A26181G of CSN1S1, C6227T of CSN1S2, A8101C of CSN2, and A13104C of CSN3—along with non-genetic factors were studied for their effects on various milk protein traits in 100 crossbred cows with major inheritance of Holstein Frisian (Bos taurus) and Tharparkar (Bos indicus). Results demonstrated the presence of all CSN genotypes with a predominance of heterozygotes. At CSN2 (A8101C; His67Pro) locus, the A2 allele, desirable for human health, was present in 62% as heterozygous and 29% in homozygous condition. Among non-genetic factors, parity of the cows had a significant influence on the milk protein traits in these crossbreds. The genotypes at CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN3 loci were found to influence (p<0.05 to 0.01) the casein and whey protein yields and composition traits. The casein index and total milk yield were most influenced by the CSN1S2 locus. The AA (A1 milk) genotype of CSN2 had significantly higher yields and percentages of casein and whey proteins. Positive influence of CC genotype of CSNS3 on milk proteins of was observed similar to Bos taurus cows; however, such influence of AA genotype of CSN2 locus may be distinctive to the crossbred cows maintained in subtropical condition. Overall, the results revealed the diverse effects of CSN genotypes on milk proteins in crossbred cattle.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Directors of ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal and National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, for providing the necessary facilities, records, and samples.

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The research was funded by National Agriculture Science Fund (NASF), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Govind Mohan, Monika Sodhi & S. K. Niranjan

  2. ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Govind Mohan, Anshuman Kumar, Suhail Hakeem Khan, N. Anand Kumar, Suman Kapila & S. S. Lathwal

  3. Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, U.P., India

    Anshuman Kumar

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Contributions

GM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original draft, and Validation. AK: Formal analysis, Validation, and Editing. SHK: Investigation. NAK: Methodology. SK: Conceptualization and Resources. SSL: Resources. MS: Conceptualization and Resources. SKN: Conceptualization, Supervision, Reviewing, and Editing.

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Correspondence to S. K. Niranjan.

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The experimental plan was conducted as per the norms concerning the ethical treatment of animals as per the article 13 of the CPCSEA rules laid down by the Government of India.

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Suppl. Figure 1:

Quality of casein and whey proteins under SDS-PAGE (PNG 139 kb)

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Mohan, G., Kumar, A., Khan, S.H. et al. Casein (CSN) gene variants and parity affect the milk protein traits in crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cows in sub-tropical climate. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 289 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02736-w

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