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Responses of testosterone hormone and important inflammatory cytokines in bucks after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica A2 and its LPS endotoxin

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Abstract

Previous studies have shown that Mannheimia haemolytica A2 is the principal microorganism causing pneumonic mannheimiosis, a major bacterial respiratory disease among sheep and goats. The effect of this bacteria on the respiratory system is well-established. However, its effect on the reproductive physiology remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the alterations in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and testosterone hormone post-inoculation with M. haemolytica serotype A2 and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin which were hypothesized to affect the reproductive functions of bucks. Twelve clinically healthy adult male goats were divided equally into three groups. Goats in group 1 were treated with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.0 intranasally (negative control), group 2 with 2 ml of 109 colony-forming unit (CFU) of M. haemolytica serotype A2 intranasally (positive control), and group 3 were treated with 2 ml of lipopolysaccharide extracted from 109 CFU of M. haemolytica serotype A2 intravenously. Following inoculation, blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture into plain tubes at pre-determined intervals for serum collection to determine the concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and testosterone hormone by using commercial ELISA test kits. Results from this study demonstrated that the inoculation of M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS increases the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines but decreases the concentration of testosterone hormone in challenged animals at most time points throughout the 56 days experimental period (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the M. haemolytica A2 and its LPS could alter the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and testosterone hormone, which in turn, may negatively affect the reproductive functions of bucks.

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Funding

This study has been funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, FRGS entitled “Assessment of fundamental pathological changes in male and female goat’s reproductive system by Mannheimia haemolytic A2 and its endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS)” (Reference code: FRGS/1/2018/WAB01/UPM/02/13; Project code: 07-01-18-1993FR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nur Amira Azhar, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse & Eric Lim Teik Chung

  2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Bura Thlama Paul, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Kamarulrizal Mat Isa & Abd Wahid Haron

  3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Eric Lim Teik Chung

  4. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila

  5. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Maiduguri, 600230, Nigeria

    Bura Thlama Paul

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  1. Nur Amira Azhar
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Contributions

FFAJ, ELTC, MAML, and AWH postulated the experimental design. NAA, BTP, and KMI performed work associated with this study. NAA, BTP, and ELTC performed the statistical analysis and prepared the manuscript. All authors reviewed manuscript upon submission.

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Correspondence to Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse.

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All animal care and handling procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM/IACUC/AUP-R028/2019).

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Azhar, N.A., Paul, B.T., Jesse, F.F.A. et al. Responses of testosterone hormone and important inflammatory cytokines in bucks after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica A2 and its LPS endotoxin. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 242 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02683-6

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