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Effect of the addition of Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods and Gliricidia sepium forage to Brachiaria brizantha on dry matter degradation, volatile fatty acid concentration, and in vitro methane production

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro fermentation and methane (CH4) production in the grass Brachiaria brizantha (B) alone or when mixed with Gliricidia sepium forage (G) and/or Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods (E). Theses substrates were incubated in the following proportions: B100 (B100%), B85E15 (B85% + E15%), B85G15 (B85% + G15%), B85GE15 (B85% + G7.5% + E7.5%), and B70GE30 (B70% + G15% + E15%). Dry matter degradation (DMD), volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and CH4 production were measured at 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation. Experimental design was a randomized complete block. At 48-h incubation, DMD ranged between 46.5 and 51.2% (P = 0.0015). The lowest cumulative gas production (CGP) was observed in B85E15 and B85G15 (160 mL CGP/g organic matter, on average). At 48 h, B85G15 and B100 produced 28.8 and 30.2 mg CH4/g DMD, respectively, while B85E15 or the mixtures, 33.5 mg CH4/g DMD, on average (P ≤ 0.05). B85E15 and B70G30 had the highest concentration of total VFA (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that B85E15 and B70GE30 favor DMD and increased total production of VFA and CH4 at 48 h. Supplementing livestock feed with legume forages and pods allows improves the nutritional quality of the diet and the fermentation patterns.

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Acknowledgments

The main author would like to thank CONACYT-Mexico for the scholarship granted to conduct Ph.D. studies at FMVZ-UADY, Mexico. This work was implemented as part of the CGIAR Research Programs (CRP) on Livestock and Climate Change, Agriculture & Food Security (CCAFS) CRP, which are carried out with support from CGIAR Fund Donors and through bilateral funding agreements. For details, please visit https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. We also acknowledge the financial assistance of BBSRC grants: RCUK-CIAT Newton Fund - Towards climate-smart forage-based diets for Colombian livestock (BB/R021856/1); Advancing sustainable forage-based livestock production systems in Colombia (CoForLife) (BB/S01893X/1) and GROW Colombia from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) (BB/P028098/1). Our gratitude to Rancho Santa Cruz (Tizimín, México) for supplying G. sepium forage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero & Juan Ku-Vera

  2. Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali, C.P. 763537, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

    Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero, Johanna Mazabel, José Luis Urrea-Benítez, Ngonidzashe Chirinda & Jacobo Arango

  3. Present address: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Agrarian National University La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, C.P. 15024, Lima, Perú

    Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero

  4. Department of Applied Physics, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Jeyder Arceo-Castillo

  5. Department of Marine Resources, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Leticia Olivera-Castillo

  6. Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59 A N 63-20, Medellín, Antioquia, C.P. 050034, Colombia

    Rolando Barahona-Rosales

  7. Present address: Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer (AITTC), Mohammed VI 14 Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco

    Ngonidzashe Chirinda

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  1. Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero
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  7. Ngonidzashe Chirinda
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  8. Juan Ku-Vera
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  9. Jacobo Arango
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Contributions

Conceptualization: I.M.B., R.B., J.K.V., J.A.; methodology: I.M.B., J.M.P., L.O.C., R.B. J.K.V.; formal analysis: I.M.B., J.M.P., J.A.C., L.O.C.; writing—original draft preparation: I. M.B.; writing—review and editing: I.M.B., J.L.U.B., L.O.C., R.B., N.C., J.K.V., J.A.; supervision: R.B., N.C., J.K.V., J.A.; project administration: J.A.; funding acquisition: N.C., J.K.V., J.A.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacobo Arango.

Ethics declarations

The work described here was conducted using rumen fluid obtained from fistulated cattle maintained in accordance with the requirements of Colombian law No 84/1989 and following protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, assuring the welfare of animals used in the experiment.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest..

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Fig. 2
figure 2

Nutritional quality (crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and anti-nutritional compounds), ruminal fermentation (degradability, gas production and total volatile fatty acids), methane production, weight gain and emissions intensity in vitro and in vivo Molina et al.(2019b), experiments

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Molina-Botero, I.C., Mazabel, J., Arceo-Castillo, J. et al. Effect of the addition of Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods and Gliricidia sepium forage to Brachiaria brizantha on dry matter degradation, volatile fatty acid concentration, and in vitro methane production. Trop Anim Health Prod 52, 2787–2798 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02324-4

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