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Virulent gene profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from cattle and camels in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria

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Abstract

Prevalence and distribution of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups from the faecal samples of cattle and camels slaughter in Maiduguri abattoir and their antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates were determined. The highest prevalence (24%) was recorded in the month of September and more STEC isolates came from cattle than the camels. There was significant (P < 0.05) seasonal trend in the prevalence of STEC among cattle and camel with more cases recorded during the wet season. Although, the study did not demonstrate significant influence of sex from the various sources. The serogroups recorded in this study were O157, O26, O91, O103 and O111. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the detection rates of serogroups. The serogroup O26 was significantly (P < 0.05) the most observed serogroup in both camels and cattle. None of the STEC isolates tested positive for the O45 serogroup. PCR assays shows that 50 (63.3%) of the 86 STEC isolates carried the stx2 gene, 34 (43%) possessed the stx1 gene, and 14 (16.3%) carried both stx1 and stx2 genes. Other genes detected include eae and ehlyA. The antimicrobial resistance among the STEC O157 and non-O157 isolates from cattle and camels in Maiduguri abattoir were very high and the STEC isolates were resistant to at least one or more of the antimicrobial agents tested. There was also multidrug resistance with the most frequent occurring patterns been ampicillin/nalidixic acid and tetracycline/trimethoprim. However, all the 79 isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone; therefore, these drugs could be drugs of choice in the treatment of STEC infections.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the technical help rendered by the staff of Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, P.M.B 35, Nigeria

    Musa Sakuma Adamu & Nafisatu Sa’ad Abubakar

  2. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Ugochukwu

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

    Sunday Idoko Idoko

  4. Department of Animal Health Technology, Adamawa College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State, PMB 2088, Nigeria

    Yakubu Adamu Kwabugge

  5. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

    James Ameh Ameh

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  1. Musa Sakuma Adamu
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J.A Ameh conceived the idea, M.S. Adamu and Y.A. Kwabugge carried out the research, C.I.I. Ugochukwu wrote the manuscript while S.I. Idoko, C.I.I. Ugochukwu and N.S. Abubakar did the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Ugochukwu.

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Ethical considerations

The ethics governing the use and conduct of experiments on animals were strictly observed, and the experimental protocol was approved by the University of Maiduguri Senate committee on Medical Research ethics. Proper permit and consent were obtained from the Maiduguri abattoir management, before the faecal samples of the cattle and camels slaughtered in this abattoir were used for this experiment.

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Adamu, M.S., Ugochukwu, I.C.I., Idoko, S.I. et al. Virulent gene profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from cattle and camels in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 1327–1341 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1565-z

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