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Anthelmintic efficacy of hydro-methanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata against larvae of Haemonchus contortus

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Abstract

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the anthelminthic activity of hydro-methanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata on sheathed and exsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Larvae of the parasite were incubated at 20–25 °C in hydro-methanolic extracts at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h. Ivermectin and water were the positive and negative controls, respectively. Total phenolic compounds of leaves of L. tridentata were 97.88 ± 10.45 mg/g of dry matter. Other compounds detected in this shrub by HPLC-mass spectrometry were sesamin, galocatechin, peonidin 3-O rutinoside, methyl galangin, epigallocatechin 7-O-glucuronide, and epigalocatechin. Mortality rate of sheathed and exsheathed H. contortus was low (16–34%) with doses ≤ 100 mg/mL of the extracts. At 200 mg/ml, the hydro-methanolic extracts of L. tridentata killed 32.1 and 68.4% of sheathed and exsheathed larvae, respectively, regardless of incubation time. The effective concentration of the L. tridentata extract for 50% larvae mortality (EC50) after 24 h of incubation was 36 mg/mL (CI = 6–94). Microscopic observations revealed damage to the cuticle of this parasite exposed to extracts of L. tridentata. These in vitro results provided evidence that L. tridentata extracts possess anti-Haemonchus contortus properties, particularly during the exsheathed stage of this nematode. It would be necessary to assess the safety of this shrub in vivo and also to carry out in vivo efficacy studies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the personnel of Laboratory of Helminthology (CENID-PAVET) for allowing us to carry out much of this experiment in their facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    José E. García, Leónides Gómez, Miguel A. Medina & Miguel Mellado

  2. National Center for Veterinary Parasitology Research, Agriculture and Forestry Research, National Institute for Animal, Jiutepec, Mexico

    Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives

  3. Polytechnic Univesity of Morelos, Jiutepec, Mexico

    José L. Rivera-Corona

  4. Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico

    Jair Millán-Orozco

  5. Department of Food Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico

    Juan A. Ascacio

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  1. José E. García
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  2. Leónides Gómez
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  3. Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives
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  4. José L. Rivera-Corona
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Correspondence to Miguel Mellado.

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All authors declare that there are no actual or potential conflicts of interest between the authors and other people or organizations that could inappropriately bias their work.

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García, J.E., Gómez, L., Mendoza-de-Gives, P. et al. Anthelmintic efficacy of hydro-methanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata against larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 1099–1105 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1535-5

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