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Prevalence and risk factors of mycobacterial infections in farm and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria

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Abstract

We evaluated the prevalence of mycobacterial infections (i.e., Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria [NTM]) and their associated risk factors among cattle herds and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Through cross-sectional study design, cattle herds from three locations were screened using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test based on two diagnostic standards; more than 4 mm (˃ 4 mm) and more than 2 mm (˃ 2 mm) cut-off points. Abattoir study involved screening trade cattle for tuberculous lesions. Overall, 515 cattle from 45 herds were screened. Using > 4 mm, animal level and herd prevalence of 11.7 and 46.7% were recorded, respectively. Applying the ˃ 2 mm cut-off, animal level and herd prevalence increased to 31.1 and 60.0%, respectively. Significantly, using the ˃ 2 mm cut-off, cattle in medium size herds/extensive management system (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and Sokoto Gudali (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8) were more at risk of being positive reactors, while Rahaji (OR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7) breeds of cattle and cows in the peri-urban area (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were less at risk of being positive reactors. Again, M. avium reactor of 21.7% was observed. In the abattoir, 1797 cattle were examined with 126 lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Culture/molecular analyses confirmed 2.2% M. bovis and 0.9% NTM infections. Risk factors associated with bovine TB among trade cattle were sex (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.2–13.5) and age (OR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9). We confirm 11.7% prevalence of mycobacterial infections among populations of cattle screened with breed and herd size being major risk factors.

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  1. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Victor O. Akinseye, Oghenekaro O. Genesis, Olubukola D. Adelakun & Simeon I. B. Cadmus

  2. Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Muideen D. Adebayo

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  1. Victor O. Akinseye
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Akinseye, V.O., Adebayo, M.D., Genesis, O.O. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of mycobacterial infections in farm and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 761–772 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1492-4

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