Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of various levels of dietary Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits infested by the adult ticks of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum I. Animal performance, anti-tick feeding and haemogram

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The goal of this study was to investigate the use of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) in different levels as acaricide in diet of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum then determining animal performance, anti-tick feeding and its effects on haemogram of rabbits. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was kept as a control fed soya bean meal (20%) as a source of protein. Groups from the second to the fifth fed diets contained 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of JCSM instead of soya bean meal as a source of protein, respectively. Feeding and watering were given freely throughout the study. Animal performance for treatment groups were recorded from the 1st week up to the 6th week. Then each group divided into two subgroups, and the ticks were introduced to all of one subgroup and the other kept as control, following them until dropped at the end of the 8th week for all groups of the experiment. Feeding and reproductive performance of the adult tick females were determined. Blood samples were collected and analysed for haematological examination at the 0, 6th and 8th weeks post-treatment from all animals. Result revealed that rabbits received diets containing 5%, 7.5% and 10% had significantly (P < 0.05) lower growth performance than control and 2.5% JCSM groups. Feed intake and body weight gain decreased with increasing the level of JCSM in the diet. The result of anti-tick feeding observed that the highest percentage (60–90%) of rejection was recorded in 10% of JCSM group then the other treated groups (20–30%). Egg mass and reproductive index per female were marked increase (P < 0.001) in groups 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of JCSM. Macrocytic normochromic anaemia was development after 8 weeks of treatment, which changed to microcytic normochromic anaemia after challenge of ticks in groups received 5%, 7.5% and 10% JCSM. Leukopenia, neutopenia and lymphopenia were noticed (P < 0.05) in all treated groups which more drop in the group received 7.5% JCSM. Also, monocytosis was recorded in 7.5% and 10% JCSM groups. In conclusion, JCSM could be use in the treatment of ectoparasites at level less than 10% in diet. Further investigations should be done to detoxification the Jatropha seed meal to decrease the level of its toxicity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A.O.A.C., 1990. Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA

  • Abou-Arab, A.A., and Abu-Salem F.M., 2010. Nutritional quality of Jatropha curcas seeds and effect of some physical and chemical treatments on their anti-nutritional factors. African Journal of Food Science, 4, 93–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adam, S.E.I., 1999. Experimental Rhazya stricta toxicosis in rats. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 41, 5–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adamu, S.U., Kela, S.L. and Suleiman, M.M., 2006. Antischistosomal properties of extracts of Jatropha curcas (L) on Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 3, 37–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Adolf, W., Opferkuch, H.I. and Hecker, E., 1984. Irritant phorbol derivatives from Jatropha species. Phytochemistry, 23, 129–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apanaskevich, D.A., 2004. Discrimination of subspecies in a polymorphic species Hyalomma marginatum (Acari, Ixodidae) based on adult stage. Parazitologiya, 38, 20–32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aregheore, E.M., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 1997. Lectin activity in toxic and non-toxic varieties of J. curcas using a latex agglutination test. In: G.M. Gubitz, M. Mittelbach and M. Trabi, (eds.), Biofuels and Industrial Products from Jatropha curcas. DBV Graz

  • Aregheore, E.M., Becker, K. and Makkar, H.P.S., 2003. Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 21, 50–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, A.S., Coons, L.B., Needham, G.R. and Sauer, J.R., 1997. Tick saliva: recent advances and implications for vector competence. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 11, 277–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camicas, J.L., Hervy, J.P., Adam, F. and Morel, P.C., 1998. Les Tiques du Monde. Nomenclature, Stades Décrits, Hôtes, Repártition (Acarida, Ixodida), Orstom, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellà, J., Estrada-Peña, A., Almería, S., Ferrer D., Gutiérrez J. and Ortuño A., 2001. A survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on dairy cattle on the island of Menorca in Spain. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 25, 899–908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheeker, P.R., 1987. Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Chivandi, E., Erlwanger, K.H., Makuza, S.M., Read, J.S. and Mtimuni, J.P., 2006. Effects of dietary Jatropha curcas meal on percent packed cell volume, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and alpha-amylase activity of weaned fattening pigs. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1, 18–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimri, M. and Sharma, C., 2004. Effects of sarcoptic mange and its control with oil of Cedrus deodara, Pongamia glabra, Jatropha curcas and benzyl benzoate, both with and without ascorbic acid on growing sheep: epidemiology; assessment of clinical, haematological, cell-mediated humoral immune responses and pathology. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 51, 71–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duke, J.A., 1985. Medicinal plants (Letter). Science, 229, 1036

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Gamassy, I., 2008. Improved waste water reuse practices feasibility study on growing Jatropha utilizing treated waste water in Luxor, Report No. 57, September 2008, Cairo, Egypt

  • El-Kammah, K.M., Oyoun, L.M.I., El Kady, G.A. and Abdel-Shafy, S., 2001. Investigation of blood parasites in livestock infested with argasid and ixodid ticks in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 31, 365–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrada-Peña, A., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L. and Walker. A.R., 2004. Ticks of Domestic Animals in the Mediterranean Region, 1st ed., Published by the University of Zaragoza (Spain)

  • Feldman, B.F., Joseph, G., Zinkl, J.G., and Jain, N.C., 2000. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Co. Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Georges, K., Jayaprakasam, B., Dalavoy S.S. and Nair, M.G. 2008. Pest-managing activities of plant extracts and anthraquinones from Cassia nigricans from Burkina Faso. Bioresource Technology, 99, 2037–2045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt-Brown, F., 2002. Clinical pathology. In: Textbook of Rabbit: Medicine. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

  • Hawash, S., Kamal, N. and El Diwani, G., 2008. Egyptian Jatropha oil extraction for biodiesel production. Afinidad LXV, 538, 470–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirota, M., Suttajit, M., Suguri, H., Endo, Y., Shudo, K. and Wongchai, V., 1988. A new tumor promotor from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L., an intramolecular diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol. Cancer Research, 48, 5800–5804

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogstraal, H., 1956. African Ixodoidea, Ticks of the Sudan. NAMRU-3, Cairo, Egypt

  • Jing, L., Fang, Y., Ying, X., Wenxing, H., Meng, X., Syed, M.N. and Fang, C., 2005. Toxic impact of ingested Jatropherol-I on selected enzymatic activities and the ultrastructure of midgut cells in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Journal of Applied Entomology, 129, 98–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keirans, J.E., 1965. Systematic of the Ixodida (Argasidae, Ixodidae, Nutalliellidae): an overview and some problems. In: B Fivaz, T. Petney, I Horak (eds), Tick Vector Biology. Medical and Veterinary Aspects, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, C.Y., Devappa, R.K., Lui, J.X., Lv, J.M., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 2010. Toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 620–625

  • Liener, I.E., 1989. Antinutritional factors in legume seeds: state of the art. In: J. Huisman, van der Poel and I.E. Liener (eds), Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. Pudoc, Wageningen

  • Liu, S.Y., Sporer, F., Wink, M., Jourdane, J., Henning, R., Li,Y.L. and Ruppel A., 1997. Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria and Bulinus. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2, 179–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 1997. Potential of J. curcas seed meal as a protein supplement to livestock feed; constraints to its utilisation and possible strategies to overcome constraints. In: G.M. Gubitz, M. Mittelbach and M. Trabi, (eds), Biofuels and Industrial Products from Jatropha curcas, DBV, Graz

    Google Scholar 

  • Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 1999. Nutritional studies on rats and fish (carp Cyprinus carpio) fed diets containing unheated and heated Jatropha curcas meal of a non-toxic provenance. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 53, 183–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 2009. Jatropha curcas an exciting crop for generation of biofuel and value-added products. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 11, 773–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martı’nez-Herrera, J., Siddhuraju, P., Francis, G., Da’vila-Ortı’z, G. and Becker K. 2006. Comparative evaluation of non-toxic and toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas for chemical composition, digestibility, protein degradability and toxic factors. Food Chemistry, 96, 80–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuse, I.T., Lim, Y.A., Hattori, M., Correa, M. and Gupta, M.P. 1998. A search for anti-viral properties in Panamanian medicinal plants: The effects on HIV and its essential enzymes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64, 15–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, J.D., Seregin, S.S., Seregin, S.V., Yakimenko, N.V., Vyshemirskii, O.I., Netesov, S.V. and Petrov, V.S., 2006. Complete L segment coding-region sequences of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains from the Russian Federation and Tajikistan. Archives Virology, 151, 465–475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, R.R., Lusitani, D., DeBoisfleury, C.A. and Malawista, S.E., 2004. Tick saliva reduces adherence and area of human neutrophils. Infection and Immunology, 72, 2989–2994

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MSEA, 2008. Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, September. Feasibility study on growing Jatropha utilizing treated waste water in Luxor.

  • Mujumdar, A.M. and Misar, A.V., 2004. Anti-inflammatory activity of Jatropha curcas roots in mice and rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90, 11–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • N.R.C., 1977. Nutritional research council. Nutrient requirements of rabbits. National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, J.H., Jr.,1989. Biology and systematics of ticks (Acari: Ixodida). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20, 397–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osacar-Jimenez, J.J., Estrada-Peňa, A. and Lucientes-Curdi, J., 1998. Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of wild birds in the Ebro middle basin (North-east Spain). Acarologia, 39, 23–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Osoniyi, O. and Onajobi, F., 2003. Coagulant and anticoagulant activities in Jatropha curcas latex. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89, 101–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos, B., Humair, P.F., Aeschlimann, A., Vaucher, C. and Buttiker, W., 2001. Ticks on birds in Switzerland. Acarologia, 42, 3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Parola, P. and Raoult, D., 2001. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: An emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infection Diseases, 32, 897–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindranath, N., Ravinder, R.M., Mahender, G., Ramu, R., Ravi, K.K. and Das, B., 2004. Deoxypreussomerins from Jatropha curcas: are they also plant metabolites? Phytochemistry, 65, 2387–2390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rechav, Y. and Dauth, J., 1987. Development of resistance in rabbits to immature stages of the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1, 177–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rechav, Y. and Hay, L., 1992. The effects of nutritional status of rabbits and sheep on their resistance to the ticks Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and R. appendiculatus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 15, 171–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rechav, Y., Kuhn, H.G. and Knight, M.M., 1980. The effects of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae) on blood of rabbits. Journal of Medical Entomology, 17, 555–560

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C., Weiss, J.J. and Telford, S.R., 1990. Saliva of the tick Ixodes dammini inhibits neutrophil function. Experimental Parasitology, 70, 382–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M. and Francischetti, I.M., 2002. Role of arthropod saliva in blood feeding: Sialome and post-sialome perspectives. Annual Review of Entomology, 19, 19

    Google Scholar 

  • Rug, M. and Ruppel, A., 2000. Toxic activities of the plant Jatropha curcas against intermediate snail hosts and larvae of schistosomes. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 423–430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shpynov, S., Rudakov, N., Tohkov, Y., Matushchenko, A., Tarasevich, I., Raoult, D. and Fournier, P.E., 2009. Detection of Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma marginatum ticks in western Russia. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15, 315–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N.K. and Ghosh S., 2003. Experimental immunization of cross bred cattle with glycoproteins isolated from larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Boophilus microplus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 31, 297–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran W.G., 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, Iowa State University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonenshine, D.E., 1991. Biology of ticks, New York: Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Szabó, M.P.J. and Bechara G.H., 1997. Immunization of dogs and guinea pigs against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks using gut extract. Veterinary Parasitology, 68, 283–294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, O.O., 1989. Re-examination of the antimicrobial activities of Xylopia aethiopica, Carica papaya, Ocimum gratissimum and Jatropha curcas. Fitoterapia, 60, 147–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrall, M.A., Baker, D.C., Campbell, T.W., DeNicole, D., Fettman, M.J., Lassen, E.D., Rebar, A. and Weiser, G., 2004. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. 1st ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Torina, A., Khoury, C., Caracappa, S. and Maroli, M., 2006. Ticks infesting livestock on farms in Western Sicily, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 38, 75–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Heijden, K.M., Szabó, M.P.J., Matushima, E.R., Veiga, M.L., Santos, A.A. and Egamia, M.I., 2003. Valores hematolo´ gicose identificac¸a˜o morfo-citoquı´ mica de ce´lulas sangu¨ı´ neas de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris) parasitadas por carrapatos e capivaras livres de infestac¸a˜o. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 25, 143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varma, M.G.R., Heller-Haupt, A., Trinder, P.K.E. and Langi, A.O., 1990. Immunization of guinea pigs against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult ticks using homogenates from unfed immature ticks. Immunology, 11, 133–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Wink, M., Koschmieder, C., Sauerwein, M. and Sporer, F., 1997. Phorbol esters of J. curcas—biological activities and potential applications. In: G.M. Gubitz, M. Mittelbach and M. Trabi, (eds.), Biofuels and Industrial Products from Jatropha curcas, DBV, Graz

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasuraoka, K., Hashiguchi, J. and Blas, B.L., 1980. Laboratory assessment of the molluscicidal activity of the plant Jatropha curcas against Oncomelania snail. Proceedings of the Philippine–Japan joint conference on schistosomiasis research and control, Manila

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, El-Behouse Street, Dokki, Post Box, 12622, Giza, Egypt

    Sobhy Abdel-Shafy, Soad M. Nasr & Salwa M. Habeeb

  2. Department of Animal Production, National Research Center, El-Behouse Street, Dokki, Post Box, 12622, Giza, Egypt

    Hashem H. Abdel-Rahman

Authors
  1. Sobhy Abdel-Shafy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Soad M. Nasr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hashem H. Abdel-Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Salwa M. Habeeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sobhy Abdel-Shafy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abdel-Shafy, S., Nasr, S.M., Abdel-Rahman, H.H. et al. Effect of various levels of dietary Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits infested by the adult ticks of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum I. Animal performance, anti-tick feeding and haemogram. Trop Anim Health Prod 43, 347–357 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9696-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9696-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation