Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chemical composition and in sacco degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in Southwestern Nigeria in the rumen of sheep

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The nutritive value of leaves of four varieties of cassava (MS 6, TMS 30555, Idileruwa and TMS 30572) were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen of sheep. Results of the chemical analyses showed that the leaves of the four varieties contained different proportions of organic matter which was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 with value of 935 g/kg DM, while CP (gramme per kilogramme DM) was significantly highest in TMS 30555 (240), followed by MS 6 (235), TMS 30572 (208) and least in Idileruwa (177). Mean metabolisable energy (megajoules per kilogramme DM) was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 (8.2) and similar with Idileruwa (8.0) but different from TMS 30555 and MS 6, respectively (7.8 and 7.6). The mineral contents (gramme per kilogramme DM) showed that leaves of MS 6 and Idileruwa had the highest concentrations of K (2.86) and a significantly lowest value (1.83) in TMS 30555. Also, the highest concentration of Ca and Fe (6.81 and 6.23) was recorded in MS 6. The highest Ca:P of 3.20 was obtained in TMS 30555. DM degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly (P < 0.05) and were consistently highest in TMS 30572. The washing loss (a) ranged from 15.9% in MS 6 to 21.3% in TMS 30572. TMS 30572 tended to have higher (P = 0.546) insoluble but fermentable fraction (b) than all other varieties. Moreover, the potential degradability (a + b) tended to be higher (P = 0.041) in TMS 30572 (69.5%) followed by TMS 30555 (67.1%) and the lowest was in Idileruwa (42.7%). The highest effective degradability was recorded in TMS 30572 (63.9%) and the lowest in Idileruwa (40.7%). The degradation rate constants (c) of Idileruwa was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those of MS6, TMS 30555 and TMS 30572. The results generally indicated that the leaves could be ranked for their potential feeding value as TMS 30572 (71.5%) > MS6 (65.8%) > Idileruwa (63.0%) > TMS 30555 (50.4%). It is therefore concluded from this study that leaves of TMS 30572 and MS 6 have good potential as feed resources for ruminant animals and could be used in ruminant feeding as protein source ingredient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AOAC, 1995. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Method of Analysis. 16th Edition. Washington DC.

  • Adjorlolo, L. K., Amaning-Kwarteng, K., Fianu, F. K., 2001. In vivo digestibility and effects of supplemental mucuna forage on treated rice straw degradation. Small Ruminant Research. 41, 239-245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aletor, V. A., Aladejimi, O.O., 1989. Compositional evaluation of some cowpea varieties and under-utilized edible legumes grown in Nigeria. Die Nahrung – Food. 33, 999-1007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alli-Balogun, J. K., Lakpini, C.A.M., Alawa, J.P., Mohammed, A., Nwata, J.A., 2003. Evaluation of cassava foliage as a protein supplement for Sheep. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 30(1), 37-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • ARC., 1980. (Agricultural Research Council). The nutrient requirement of ruminant livestock. Technical review by Agricultural Research Council Working Party. Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau, Farnham Royal, UK.

  • Ayodeji, O. F., 2005. Nutrient composition and processing effects on cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) antinutrients. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 4(1), 37-42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bamikole, M. A., Babayemi, O. J., 2008. Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by-products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers. Animal Science Journal. 79, 314-321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamikole, M. A., Ikhahua, U. J., Arigbede, O. M., Babayemi, O. J., Etele, I., 2004. An evaluation of the acceptability as forage of some nutritive and antinutritive components and of the dry matter degradation profiles of five species of Ficus. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 36, 157-167.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, T.N., McNabb, W.C., 1999. The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition. 81, 263-272.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, P. K., Orskov, E. R., 1987. Manual for the use of nylon bag technique in the evaluation of feedstuff. Feed Evaluation and Experimentation Development Services, Pp 1-20. The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn Aberdeen, Scotland.

  • Bhatta, R., Vaithiyanathan, S., Singh, N.P., Shinde, A.K. and Verma, D.L., 2005. Effect of feeding tree leaves as supplements on the nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation pattern in sheep grazing on semi-arid range of India. Small Ruminant Research, 60, 273–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, M. G., Egan, S.V., Bradbury, J. H., 1999. Determination of all forms of cyanogens in cassava roots and cassava products using picrate paper kits. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 79, 593 – 601.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunyeth, H., Preston T. R., 2006. Growth performance and parasite infestation of goats given cassava leaf silage or sun-dried cassava leaves, as supplement to grazing in lowland and upland regions of Cambodia. LRRD. Vol. 18, Article #28. Retrieved August 24, 2007 from http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd18/2/buny/8028.htm

  • Castro-Gonzalez, A., Alayon-Gamboa, J.A., Ayala-Burgos, A. and Ramirez-Aviles, L., 2007. Effects of Brosimum alicastrum and Lysiloma latisiliquum mixtures on voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed tropical pastures. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 141(3), 246-258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chanjula, P., Sornnok. S., 2007. Effects of varieties and timing of subsequent cutting on yield, chemical composition and ruminal degradability of cassava hay in Southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 29(1), 49-60

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. B., 1995. Neway Excel: An Excel Application program for processing feed degradability Data, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Boever J. L., Cottyn B. G., De Brabandar, D. L., Vanacker, J. M., Boucque, C. V., 1997. Prediction of the feeding value of maize silage by chemical parameters, in vitro digestibility and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS). Animal Feed Science and Technology. 66, 211-222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhanoa, M. S., 1988. On the analysis of dracon bag data for low degradability feeds. Grass Forage Science. 43, 441-444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fettman, M. J., Chase, L. E., Benlinck-Smith, J., Coppock, C. E., Zinn, S. A., 1984. Nutritional chloride deficiency in early lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 67, 2321.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, S.K., 1988. An overview of traditional processing and utilization of cassava in Africa. In: Proceedings of the IITA/ILCA/University of Ibadan workshop on the potential of cassava as livestock feed in Africa. 14-18 November 1988, Ibadan, Nigeria (eds.) S.K. Hahn, L. Reynolds and G.N. Egbunike. Pp. 16-27.

  • Ikhimioya, I., Isah, O. A., Ikhatua, U. J., Bamikole, M. A., 2005. Rumen degradability of dry matter and crude protein in tree leaves and crop residues of humid Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 4(5), 313-320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarrige, R., 1989. Ruminant Nutrition: Recommended Allowance and Feed Tables, Pp. 193-208. INRA, John Libbey, London. 390 pp.

  • Khang, D.N., 2004. Cassava foliage as a protein source for cattle in Vietnam. Doctoral thesis. Agraria 471. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden. ISSBN 1401-6249 ISBN 91-576-6752-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khang, D.N., Wiktorsson, H., 2006. Performance of growing heifers fed urea treated fresh rice straw supplemented with fresh, ensiled or pelleted cassava foliage. Livestock Science. 102, 130–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyothong, K., Wanapat, M., 2003. Cassava hay and Stylo 184 hay to replace concentrates in diets for lactating dairy cows. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 15, 11. Retrieved from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd15/11/krai1511.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larbi, A., Smith, J. W., Adekunle, I. O., Kurdi, I. O., 1996. Studies on multipurpose fodder trees and shrubs in West Africa: Variation in determinants of forage quality in Albizia and Paraserianthes species. Agroforestry Systems. 33, 1-11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, L.R., 1992. Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition, 1st edn. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Min, B. R., Barry, T. N., Attwood, G. T., McNabb, W. C., 2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 106, 3-19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF)., 1984. Energy Allowances and Feeding Systems for Ruminants, 2nd edn. Chalcombe Publications, Marlow, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J.E., Kunkle, W.E., Denham, S.C., Allshouse, R.D., 1990. Quality index: expression of forage quality and predictor of animal performance. Journal of Animal Science. 68 (Suppl. 1), 52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mupangwa, J. F., Ngongoni, N. T., Hamudikuwanda, H., 2003. The effect of stage of growth and method of drying fresh herbage on in sacco dry matter degradability of three tropical forage legumes. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 15, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngamsaeng, A., Wanapat, A., Khampa, S., 2006. Evaluation of local tropical plants by in vitro rumen fermentation and their effects on fermentation end products. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 5(5), 414-418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NRC., 1981. Nutrient requirement of goats. Angora, dairy and meat goat in temperate and tropical countries. In: Nutrient requirement of domestic animal number 15. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC., 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, sixth ed. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni, A.O., C.F.I. Onwuka., Oduguwa, O.O., Onifade, O.S., Arigbede, O.M., 2008. Utilization of citrus based diets and Enterolobium cyclocarpum (JACQ GRISEB.) foliage by West African dwarf goats. Livestock Science. 117, 184 – 191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onwuka, C. F. I., Akinsoyinu, A. O., 1988. Mineral constituents of some browse plants used in ruminant feeding in southern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 15, 57-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orskov, E. R., McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge. 92, 449-503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orskov, E. R., Ryle, M., 1990. Energy Nutrition in Ruminants. Elsevier, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, L.J., Hrstish, L.N., Chan, B.G., 1986. The conversion of procyanidin and prodelphinidins to cyaniding and delphinidin. Phytochemical. 25, 223 – 230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, T. R., 1986. Better utilization of crop residues and by products in animal feeding: research guidelines. A practical manual for research workers. http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/x6554E/X6565E00.HTM.

  • Reed, J. D., McDowell, R.E., Van Soest, P.J., Horvath, P.J., 1982. Condensed tannin: a factor limiting the use of cassava forage. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 33, 2131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoval-Castro, C.A., Lizarraga-Sandies, H.L., Solorio-Sanches, F. J., 2005. Assessment of tree fodder preferences by cattle using chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in situ degradability. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 123-124, 277-289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, A. T., Orskov, E. R., 1988. The effect of five different supplements on the degradation of straw in sheep given untreated barley straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 19, 289-298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. W., Larbi, A., Jabbar, M. A., Akinlade, J., 1995. Rumen degradation in sheep, goats and cattle and voluntary intake by sheep of four browse species. Agroforestry Systems. 32, 277-286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Analysis System (SAS)., 2000. The SAS System for Windows. Release 8.01. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suttle N. F., 1983. Meeting the mineral requirement of sheep. In Haresign, W. (Ed.), Sheep production, Butterworths, London, Pp. 167-183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terrill, T.H., Rowan, A.M., Douglas, G.B., Barry, T.N., 1992. Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentrations in forage plants, protein-concentrate meals and cereal grains. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 58, 321-329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thang, C.M., Ledin, I., Bertilsson, J., 2010. Effect of feeding cassava and/or Stylosanthes foliage on the performance of crossbred growing cattle. Tropical Animal Health Production. 42, 1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., 1985. Dietary fibre estimation in concentrates feedstuffs. Journal of Animal Science. 45 (Suppl. 1), 254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest, P. J., 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wanapat, M., 2001. Role of cassava hay as animal feed in the tropics. International workshop on current research and development on use of cassava as animal feed. Khon Kaen University, Thailand July 23-24, 2001. Pp. 5012 http://www.mekarn.org/prockk/wana3.htm

  • Wanapat, M., 2008. Potential uses of local feed resources for ruminants. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 41(7), 1035-1049.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanapat, M., Petlum, A., Pimpa, O., 2000. Supplementation of cassava hay to replace concentrate use in lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbreeds. Asian – Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 13, 600-604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., McAllister, T.A., Yanke, L.J., Xu, Z.J., Cheeke, P.R., Cheng, K.J., 2000. In vitro effects of steroidal saponins from Yucca Schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 80, 2114-2122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    A. O. Oni, C. F. I. Onwuka & K. O. Yusuf

  2. Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    O. M. Arigbede, U. Y. Anele & O. S. Onifade

  3. Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    B. O. Oduguwa

  4. Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocation, Federal College of Education, PMB 2096, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    O. O. Oni

Authors
  1. A. O. Oni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. F. I. Onwuka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. O. M. Arigbede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. O. Oni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. U. Y. Anele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. K. O. Yusuf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. B. O. Oduguwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. O. S. Onifade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. O. Oni.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oni, A.O., Onwuka, C.F.I., Arigbede, O.M. et al. Chemical composition and in sacco degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in Southwestern Nigeria in the rumen of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 42, 1385–1393 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9596-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9596-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation