Skip to main content

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from free range domestic duck (Cairina moschata) in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania

Tropical Animal Health and Production volume 42, pages 165–172 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from free-ranging ducks was determined in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Ninety intestinal contents from ducks were screened for thermophilic Campylobacter using Skirrow’s protocol. Of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 50 were tested for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. Overall prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter was 80%. The prevalence of Campylobacter in adult ducks (91.3%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than ducklings (68.2%). The isolation rate of C. jejuni (81.9%) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than C. coli (18.1%). All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, nitrofurantoin and amikacin. Forty eight percent, 74% and 82% of isolates were resistant to cefuroxime sodium, tetracycline and ampicillin respectively. Between 20–50% of isolates were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, cloxacillin and amoxicillin. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin had lower C. jejuni resistance of 10% and 16% respectively. C. jejuni isolates from adult ducks showed significantly higher rates of resistance (p < 0.05) to most antibiotics than did duckling isolates. High prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in ducks could be of public health significance in Morogoro municipality. The observed multidrug resistance in this study poses a threat of transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens because of the close contact between ducks and human.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  • Aarestrup, F.M. and Engberg, J. 2001. Antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter. Veterinary Research, 32, 311–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abrahams, C.A., Agbodaze, D., Nakano, T., Afari, E. A., and Longmatey, H. E. 1990. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni in domestic animals in rural Ghana. Archives of Environmental Health, 45(1), 59–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adekeye, J.O, Abdu, P.A. and Bawa, E.K. 1989. Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in poultry reared under different management systems in Nigeria. Avian Diseases, 33, 801–803.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfredson, D.A., Akhurst, R.J. and Korolik, V. 2003. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic screening of clinical isolates of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from south-east Queensland, Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94, 495–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aquino, M.H.C., Filgueiras, A.L.L., Ferreira, M.C.S., Oliveira, S.S., Bastos, M.C. and Tibana, A. 2002 Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from humans and animal sources. Letters of Applied Microbiology , 43, 149–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydin, F, Atabay, H.I. and Akan, M. 2001. The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from domestic geese (Anser anser). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90, 637–642.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Backmann, L., Muller, M., Luber, P., Schrader, C., Bartelt, E. and Klein, G. 2004. Analysis of gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant and susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates from retail poultry and humans clinical isolates by non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, 1040–1047.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bae, W., Katherine, N.K., Dale, D.H., Douglas, R.C., Yong, H.P. and Thomas, E. B. 2004. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from cattle farms in Washington state. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 169–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beilei, G., David, G.W., Patrick, F.M., Webb, G., Shaohua, Z., Susannan, H. and Jianghong, M. 2003. Antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp from retail raw meats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 3005–3007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brayan, F. and Doyle, M.P. 1995. Health risks and consequences of Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry. Journal of Food Protection, 58, 326–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canon, R.M. and Roe, R.T. 1986. Livestock disease surveys: A field manual for veterinarians, 2nd edition. Better Printing Services, Queanbeyan, N.S.W., Australia.

  • Coker, A. O. and Adefeso, A. O. 1994. The changing patterns of Campylobacter jejuni/coli in Lagos, Nigeria after ten years. East African Journal of Medicine, 71, 437–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Endtz, H.P., Mouton, R.P., Reyden, T.V., Ruijis, G.H. and Biever, M. 1991. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from human stools and poultry products. Lancet, 335, 787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engberg, J., Aarestrup, F.M., Taylor, P., Gerner-Schidt, P. and Nachamkin, I. 2001. Quinolone and Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: Resistance mechanisms and trends in humans isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 7, 24–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feierl, G., Wanger, U., Sixl, B., Grisold, A., Daghofer, E. and Marth, E. 2001. Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis and development of resistance in Syria, Austria. (Abstract B-15). In:Hacker, J editor. Abstract of scientific presentation of the 11th International workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms, Freiburg, Germany, 291 (Suppl. 31), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudreau, C. and Gibert, H. 1997. Comparison of disc diffusion and Agar dilution methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 39, 707–712.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibreel, A. and Taylor, D.E. 2006. Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58, 243–255.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakanen, J.A., Lehtopolku, M., Siitonen, A., Huovinen, P. and Kotilainen, P. 2003. Multidrug resistance in Campylobacter jejuni strains collected from Finnish patients during 1995–2000. Jounal of antimicrobial therapy, 52, 1035–1039.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, A.A., Abdualbaki, A.R. and Khald, A.A. 2007. Epidemiology, clinical features and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter infections in Sana’a, Yemen. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2, 8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, C.W., Gambel, J.M., Srijan, A., Pitarangsi, C. and Echeverria, P. 1998. Trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in Thailand over 15 years. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26, 341–345.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiwa, S.F.H., Kazwala, R.R. and Namahungu, E. 1994. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in clinically normal goats kept under various management systems in urban Tanzania. Small Ruminant Research, 15, 97–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, F.T.W. and Pattison, M. 1996. Poultry diseases, 4th edition. W.B. Saunders Company Ltd, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasrazadeh, A.M. and Genigeorgis, C. 1987. Origin and Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in ducks and duck meat at the farm and processing plant level. Journal of Food Protection, 50, 321–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazwala, R.R., Collins, J.D. and Hannan, J. 1992. The establishment and spread of experimental Campylobacter jejuni infections in young chickens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 13, 19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurincic, M., Berce, I., Zorman, T. and Mozina, S.S. 2005. The prevalence of multiple drug antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. from retail poultry meat. Food Technology Biotechnology, 43, 157–163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Yan, M., Sahin, O., Pereira, S., Chang, Y. and Zhang, Q. 2007. Effects of macrolide usage on emergence of erythromycin resistant Campylobacter isolates in chickens. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51(5), 1678–1686.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Logan, J.M.J., Lawson, A.J., O’Neill, G.L. and Stanley, J. 1999. A large scale survey of Campylobacter in human gastroenteritis using PCR for screening and PCR-ELISA for identification. In abstructs of the 10th International Workshop on CHRO, Baltimore, Maryland, US CD19, 28.

  • Luangtongkum, T., Morishita, T.Y., El-Tayeb, A.B., Ison, A.J. and Zhang, Q. 2007. Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. by the agar dilution and the agar disk diffusion methods. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(2), 590–594.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luechtefeld, N.A., Blaser, M.J., Reller, L.B. and Wang, W.L. 1980. Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from waterfowl. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 12, 406–408.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R.H., Moran, L. and Scates, P. 1998. Frequency of occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in red meat and poultry in Northen Ireland and their subsequent subtyping using polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism and the random amplified polymorphic DNA method. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 84, 703–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Machado, R.A., Tosin, I. and Leito, M.F.F. 1994. Occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. in chickens during industrial processing. Journal of Microbiology, 25, 239–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccrea, B.A., Tonooka, K.H., VanWorth, C., Boggs, C.L., Atwill, E.R. and Schrader, J.S. 2006. Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella species on farm, after transport and processing in speciality market poultry. Poultry Science, 85, 136–143.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mdegela, R. H., Nonga, H. E., Ngowi, H. A. and Kazwala, R. R. 2006. Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter infections in humans, chickens and crows in Morogoro, Tanzania. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 53, 116–121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MOA (Ministry of Agriculture Tanzania), 1994. National Sample Census.

  • Nachamkin, I., Ung, H. and Li, M. 2001. Fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni in Philadelphia, 1982–2000. [Abstract B-06]. In: Hacker J, editor. Abstracts of scientific presentations of the 11th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms, Freiburg, Germany, Sept 1-5, 2001. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 291(31), 6.

  • NCCLS, 2002. Perfomance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Diffusion and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • On, S. L. W. 1996. Identification methods for Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms. American Society of Microbiology Journal, 9, 405–422.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pezzotti, G., Serafin, A., Luizzi, I., Mioni, R. and Perin, R. 2002. Occurrence and resistance to antibiotics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in animals and meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 82, 281–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prats, G., Mirelis, B., Lovet, T.M., Munoz, C., Miro, E. and Navarro, F. 2000. Antibiotic resistance trends in Enteropathogenic bacteria isolated in 1985–1987 and 1995–1998 in Barcelona. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 4(5), 1140–1145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, J.F. and Bruin-Mosch, C.W. 1981. Carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in healthy and diarrhoic animals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 164–165.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B. and Carter, G.R. 1998. Campylobacter spp. In Clinical Veterinary Microbiology ed. Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B and Carter, G.R. pp 268–272. London: Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridsdale, J.A., Atabay, H.I. and Corry, J.E.L. 1998. Prevalence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter in ducks at the abattoir. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 85, 567–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M.C. 1996. Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulations of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMSI Microbiology Reviews, 19, 1–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sâenz, Y., Zarazaga, M., Lantero, M., Gastanares, M.J., Baquero, F. and Torres, C. 2000. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated from animals, foods and humans in Spain in 1997–1998. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44(2), 267–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saleha, A.A., Mead, G.C. and Ibrahim, A.L. 1998. Campylobacter jejuni in poultry production and processing in relation to public health. World Poultry Science Journal, 54, 50–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senok, A., Yousif, A., Mazi, W., Sharif, E., Bindyana, K., Elnima, E. and Botta, G. 2007. Pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni isolates of human and poultry origin. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 60, 1–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skirrow, M.B. and Benjamin, J. 1980. Differentiation of enteropathogenic Campylobacter. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 33, 1122–1123.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonaiya, E.B. and Swan, S.E.J. 2004. Small-Scale Poultry Production Technical Guide. FAO Animal Production and Health 1 Manual, Rome, Italy.

  • Steinbrückner, B., Ruberg, F. and Vetter-Knoll, M. 2001. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated in Freiburg from 1992 to 2000. (Abstract B-12) In: Hacker, J. editor. Abstract of Scientific presentation of the 11th International workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organism, Freiburg, Germany, 291, 8.

  • Taylor, D.E and Courvalin, P. 1988. Mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 32, 1107–1112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, H.J. and Hsiang, P.H. 2005. The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella and Campylobacter in ducks in Taiwan. Journal of Vetrinary Medical Science, 67, 7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldenström, J., Broman, T., Carlsson, I., Hasselquist, D., Achterberg, R.P., Wagenaar, J.A. and Olsen, B. 2002. Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter coli in different ecological guild and taxa of migrating birds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 5911–5917.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO, 2001. Tropical disease research: progress 1999–2000. Fifteenth Programme report of the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases. (TDR/GEN/01.5). Geneva.

  • Whyte, P., McGill, K., Cowley, D., Madden, R.H., Moran, L., Scates, P., Carroll, C., O’Leary, A., Fanning, S., Collins, J.D., McNamara, E.D., Moore, J.E. and Cormican, M. 2004. Occurrence of Campylobacter in retail food in Ireland. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 95, 111–118.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yogasundram, K., Shanes, S.M. and Harrington, N.S. 1989. Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in selected domestic and wild birds in Louisiana. Avian Diseases, 33, 664–667.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Mr Mkuchu, P. Kitime, A. and Ndaki, L for technical assistance.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania

    Hezron Emmanuel Nonga & A. P. Muhairwa

Authors
  1. Hezron Emmanuel Nonga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. P. Muhairwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hezron Emmanuel Nonga.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nonga, H.E., Muhairwa, A.P. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from free range domestic duck (Cairina moschata) in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 42, 165–172 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-009-9401-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-009-9401-0

Keywords

  • Campylobacter
  • Prevalence
  • Ducks
  • Antibiotics
  • Resistance
  • Susceptible