Abstract
This study investigated the comparative susceptibility of indigenous Moo Laat and improved Large White/Landrace pig breeds to infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) under controlled conditions in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The Moo Laat (ML) and Large White/Landrace crossbreed (LWC) pigs were inoculated with a standard challenge strain designated Lao/Kham225 (infectivity titre of 102.75 TCID50/ml). The results demonstrated that both the native breed and an improved pig breed are fully susceptible to CSFV infection and the mortality rate is high. LWC pigs demonstrated lower (or shorter) survival times (50% survival time: 11 days), earlier and higher pyrexia and earlier onset of viraemia compared to ML pigs (50% survival time: 18 days). In the context of village-based pig production, the longer time from infection to death in native ML pigs means that incubating or early sick pigs are likely to be sold once an outbreak of CSF is recognized in a village. This increased longevity probably contributes to the maintenance and spread of disease in a population where generally the contact rate is low.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CSF:
-
classical swine fever
- CSFV:
-
Classical swine fever virus
- Lao PDR:
-
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- LWC:
-
Large White/Landrace crossbreed
- ML:
-
Moo Laat breed
- PI:
-
post infection
- TCID50 :
-
50% tissue culture infective dose
References
Blacksell, S.D., Khounsy, S., Boyle, D.B., Greiser-Wilke, I., Gleeson, L.J., Westbury, H.A. and Mackenzie, J.S., 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of the E2 gene of classical swine fever viruses from Lao PDR. Virus Research, 104, 87–92
Blacksell, S.D., Khounsy, S., Boyle, D.B., Gleeson, L.J., Westbury, H.A. and Mackenzie, J.S., 2005. Genetic typing of classical swine fever viruses from Lao PDR by analysis of the 5′ non-coding region. Virus Genes, 31, 349–355
Brugh, M., Foster, J.W. and Hayes, F.A., 1964. Studies on the comparative susceptibility of wild European and domestic swine to hog cholera. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 25, 1124–1127
Colijn, E.O., Bloemraad, M. and Wensvoort, G., 1997. An improved ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies directed against classical swine fever virus. Veterinary Microbiology, 59, 15–25
Depner, K.R., Gruber, J., Leiss, B., 1994. Experimental infection of weaner pigs with a field isolate of hog cholera/classical swine fever virus derived from a recent outbreak in Lower Saxony. 1: Clinical, virological and serological findings. Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift, 81, 370–373
Depner, K.R., Rodriguez, A., Pohlenz, J. and Leiss, B., 1996. Persistent classical swine fever virus infection in pigs infected after weaningwith a virus isolated during the 1995 epidemic in Germany: Clinical, virological, serological and pathological findings. European Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2, 61–66
Depner, K.R., Hinrichs, U., Bickhardt, K., Greiser-Wilke, I., Pohlenz, J., Moennig, V. and Liess, B., 1997. Influence of breed-related factors on the course of classical swine fever virus infection. Veterinary Record, 140, 506–507
Jensen, M.H., 1981. Detection of antibodies against hog cholera virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in porcine serum. A comparative examination using CF, PLA and NPLA assays. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 22, 85–98
Laevens, H., Koenen, F., Deluyker, H., Berkvens, D. and de Kruif, A., 1998. An experimental infection with classical swine fever virus in weaner pigs. I. Transmission of the virus, course of the disease, and antibody response. Veterinary Quarterly, 20, 41–45
Laevens, H., Koenen, F., Deluyker, H. and de Kruif, A., 1999. Experimental infection of slaughter pigs with classical swine fever virus: transmission of the virus, course of the disease and antibody response. Veterinary Record, 145, 243–248
Paton, D.J. and Greiser-Wilke, I., 2003. Classical swine fever—an update. Research in Veterinary Science, 75, 169–178
Paton, D.J., McGoldrick, A., Belak, S., Mittelholzer, C., Koenen, F., Vanderhallen, H., Biagetti, M., De Mia, G.M., Stadejek, T., Hofmann, M.A. and Thuer, B., 2000. Classical swine fever virus: a ring test to evaluate RT-PCR detection methods. Veterinary Microbiology, 73, 159–174
Plateau, E., Vannier, P. and Tillon, J.P., 1980. Experimental study of a mild virulence strain of hog cholera: individual variations and horizontal transmission. Zentralblatt für Veterinarmedizin, 27, 650–657
Shannon, A.D., Morrissy, C., Mackintosh, S.G. and Westbury, H.A., 1993. Detection of hog cholera virus antigens in experimentally-infected pigs using an antigen-capture ELISA. Veterinary Microbiology, 34, 233–248
Vannasouk T., Phanaphet, N. and Phootawaong, P., 1997. Native pig raising in the Lao PDR, (Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blacksell, S.D., Khounsy, S., Aken, D.V. et al. Comparative susceptibility of indigenous and improved pig breeds to Classical swine fever virus infection: Practical and epidemiological implications in a subsistence-based, developing country setting. Trop Anim Health Prod 38, 467–474 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4434-0
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4434-0