Abstract
The aim of this work was to describe the feeding strategies for donkeys used by peasant farmers in central México. Feeding strategies for the dry and wet seasons are described, as well as the nutritional characteristics of the main forages and supplements used by the farmers. The extent to which the feeding practices used by farmers matched the digestible energy and crude protein requirements of donkeys for maintenance and work was determined. It was concluded that grazing on native grassland could provide enough energy and protein for donkeys at maintenance level and for those performing only a moderate amount of work. More research in required in order to have better estimates of intake and plant species preferred by donkeys under prevailing grazing conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ADF:
-
acid detergent fibre
- ADL:
-
acid detergent lignin
- CP:
-
crude protein
- DE:
-
digestible energy
- DMI:
-
dry matter intake
- LW:
-
live weight
- NDF:
-
neutral detergent fibre
- OMD:
-
organic matter digestibility
- RE:
-
' egular' group of donkeys
- TH:
-
'thin' group of donkeys
References
Aganga, A. A. and Tsopito, C.M., 1998. A note on the feeding behaviour of domestic donkeys: a Botswana case study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 60, 235–239
Aganga, A.A., Letso, M. and Aganga, A.O., 2000. Feeding donkeys. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 12, 1–7
Anderson, S. and Rietberg-McCracken, J., 1994. El diagnóstico participativo: Un manual aplicado de técnicas, (Minero, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucátan, Mérida, Yucátan, México)
Arriaga, J.C., Velázquez, B.L., Felipe, P.Y., Zamora, R.V., von Keyserlingk, A. and Pearson, R.A., 2003a. Los équidos de trabajo en una comunidad campesina mazahua de ladera del Altiplano Mexicano. In: J.C. Arriaga, O.O.A. Castelán and B.L.Velázquez (compilers), Investigación en animales de trabajo para el desarrollo rural, (Centre de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México)
Arriaga, J.C., González, D.J., Velázquez, B.L., Espinoza, O.A., Nava, E.G. and Castelán, O.O.A., 2003b. Contributión de los animales de tración y carga a los sistemas de productión Campesinos en los valles altos del Estado de México. In: J.C. Arriaga, O.O.A. Castelán and B.L. Velázquez (compilers), Investigaci´n en animales de trabajo para el desarrollo rural, (Centre de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México)
Carretero, R.L., Colunga, G.B., Smith, D., González-Ronquillo, M., Donaji, A. and Castelán-Ortega, O., 2005. Digestible energy requirements of Mexican donkeys fed oat straw and maize stover. Tropical Animal Health and Production (submitted)
Castelán-Ortega, O., Estrada, J., Carretero, L., Vieyra, A., Martinez, N., Cardenas, S., Arriaga, C. and Mould, F., 2003. Degradation characteristics of maize weeds, used as forage in smallholder maize-livestock production systems of Central México, in different growing periods. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 3(1–3), 115–119
Castelán-Ortega, O., Rayas, A.A., Espinoza, O.A., Estrada, F.J., Arriaga, C. and Mould, F., 2005. Nutritional characteristics of four species of native pastures from the highlands of central México. In: Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress: Offered Papers (Dublin, Ireland, 26 June to 2 July, 2005, (Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), 287
Cuddeford, D., 2000. Feeding systems for horses. In: M.K. Theodorou and J. France (eds), Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models, (CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK)
Davies, S., 2004. The effects of three different pasture access programmes on the dry matter intake and foraging behaviour of donkeys in the UK, (BSc thesis, University of Aberdeen)
De Aluja, A.S., 1998. The welfare of working equids in México. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 59, 19–29
Estrada-Flores, J.G., 2005. Caracterización Nutricional del Maíz y arvenses utilizadas en la Alimentación del ganado en Sistemas Campesinos en dos zonas contrastantes del Estado de México, (PhD thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Ewing, W.N., 1997. The Feeds Directory, (Context Publications, Packington, UK)
INAFED, 2002. Gaceta del Gobierno del Estado de México, no. 67. Tomo CLXXII, sección tercera, (Decreto número 36, 2001, Toluca, México)
Nengomasha, E.M., Jele, N. and Pearson, R.A., 1997. Morphological characteristics of working donkeys in south-western Zimbabwe. In: ATNESA Workshop: Improving Donkey Utilisation and Management, 5–9 May 1997, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
Nengomasha, E.M., Pearson, R.A. and Grebe, W., 1999. Empowering people through donkey power into the next millennium. In: P.G. Kaumbutho, R.A. Pearson and T.E. Simalenga (eds), Empowering Farmers with Animal Traction, (ATNESA, Debre Zeit)
NRC, 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 5th revised edn, (The National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.)
Pearson, R.A., Nengomasha, E. and Krecek, R., 1999. The challenges in using donkeys for work in Africa. In: P. Starkey and P. Kaumbutho (eds), Meeting the Challenges of Animal Traction, (ATNESA, Debre Zeit)
Pearson, R.A., Archibald, R.F. and Muirhead, R.H., 2001. The effect of forage quality and level of feeding on digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time of oat stover and alfalfa given to ponies and donkeys. British Journal of Nutrition, 85, 599–606
Rayas, A.A., Espinoza, O.A., Estrada, F.J., Arriaga, C., Mould, F. and Castelán-Ortega, O., 2005. Rumen degradation characteristics of four species of native pastures from central México in three growing periods. In: Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress: Offered Papers, Dublin, Ireland, 2005, (Wageningen Academic Publishers), 236
Sumberg, J., 2002. Livestock nutrition and foodstuff research in Africa: when is a nutritional constraint not a priority research problem? Animal Science, 75, 332–338
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fibre neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides CH in relation animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597
Velázquez-Beltran, L., Felipe-Pérez, Y.E. and Arriaga-Jordán, C.M., 2002. Common vetch (Vicia saliva) for improving the nutrition of working equids in Campesino systems on hill slopes in central México. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 34, 169–179
von Keyserlingk, A., 1997. Donkeys and their uses: a study of the donkey and its use in the Central Highlands of México from a gender perspective, (MSc thesis, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh)
Wold, A.G., Tegegne, A. and Yami, A., 2004. Research needs of donkey utilisation in Ethiopia. In: P. Starkey and D. Fielding (eds), Donkeys, People and Development. A resource book of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa, (ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, Wagengingen)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Colunga, G.B., Arriaga-Jordán, C.M., Veláquez Beltran, L. et al. Participatory Study on Feeding Strategies for Working Donkeys Used by Campesino Farmers in the Highlands of Central México. Trop Anim Health Prod 37 (Suppl 1), 143–157 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-9013-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-9013-2