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Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance

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Abstract

Several permutations and combinations of the ingredients have been tried to develop eco-friendly alternatives to conventional mineral/petroleum oil-based greases; however, a potential solution is not yet reached. Surprisingly, the incorporation of environmentally benign additives and their synergy with the greases was least explored in this area. The present study explores a maiden effort to enhance the extreme pressure (EP) characteristics of eco-friendly greases (based on vegetable oil and organoclay) using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles as an additive. The developed nano-greases displayed an improved EP behavior (as per ASTM standards) at all concentrations of the nanoparticles (0.1–4% w/w), and the performance ameliorates with increasing concentration (up to 60% increment achieved). The enhanced performance is attributed to the calcination of nano-CaCO3 into nano-CaO under extreme conditions. The worn surfaces revealed the formation of a more robust (high melting point, low shear strength, rapidly formed, and tribosintered) tribofilm incorporating the organoclay and the nano-CaO. The formulated greases also demonstrated biocompatible behavior toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) in MTT and Live-dead cell assays.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly grateful to the Central Research Facility (CRF), IIT Delhi and Nano Research Facility (NRF), IIT Delhi (especially Mr. Manoj Kumar Jaiswal, Ms. Aastha Sharma, and Ms. Anupriya Tiwari) for providing impressive support in the characterization work.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Centre for Automotive Research and Tribology (CART), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Ankit Saxena, Deepak Kumar & Naresh Tandon

  2. Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Tejinder Kaur & Neetu Singh

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  1. Ankit Saxena
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AS contributed to methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, visualization, and writing of the original draft. DK contributed to supervision, conceptualization, visualization, writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript, and validation. NT contributed to supervision, visualization, writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript, and validation. TK assisted in cell culture data curation and partial writing of the original draft. NS assisted in visualization, validation, and resources collection.

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Saxena, A., Kumar, D., Tandon, N. et al. Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance. Tribol Lett 70, 108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-022-01651-x

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