Abstract
Non-asbestos organic friction materials have historically been developed through a series of trial-and-error experimental procedure. But in this work, the friction theory was used to design and prepare a new composite friction material with excellent fade resistance. Oversized (3.0 ± 0.5 mm) SiO2-based particles with the great thermal stability and large contact area against the disc were used to reinforce the resin matrix. The effectiveness of the oversized particles relative to particles of other sizes was evaluated using an established test procedure. The results showed that the oversized particles improve the fade resistance and wear resistance of materials, but not followed with excessive disc wear.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ertan, R., Yavuz, N.: An experimental study on the effects of manufacturing parameters on the tribological properties of brake lining materials. Wear 268, 1524–1532 (2010)
Singh, T., Patnaik, A., Chauhan, R., Rishiraj, A.: Assessment of braking performance of lapinus–wollastonite fibre reinforced friction composite materials. J. King Saud. Univ. Eng. Sci. 29, 183–190 (2017)
Satapathy, B.K., Bijwe, J.: Composite friction materials based on organic fibres: sensitivity of friction and wear to operating variables. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 37, 1557–1567 (2006)
Cai, P., Li, Z.L., Wang, T.M., Wang, Q.H.: Effect of aspect ratios of aramid fiber on mechanical and tribological behaviors of friction materials. Tribol. Int. 92, 109–116 (2015)
Zhu, Z.C., Xu, L., Chen, G.A.: Effect of different whiskers on the physical and tribological properties of non-metallic friction materials. Mater. Des. 32, 54–61 (2011)
Öztürk, B.: Effects of different kinds of fibres on mechanical and tribological properties of brake friction materials. Tribol. Trans. 56, 536–545 (2013)
Zhao, G., Hussainova, I., Antonov, M., Wang, Q.H., Wang, T.M.: Friction and wear of fiber reinforced polyimide composites. Wear 301, 122–129 (2013)
Baklouti, M., Cristol, A.L., Desplanques, Y., Elleuch, R.: Impact of the glass fibers addition on tribological behavior and braking performances of organic matrix composites for brake lining. Wear 330–331, 507–514 (2015)
Aranganathan, N., Bijwe, J.: Comparative performance evaluation of NAO friction materials containing natural graphite and thermo-graphite. Wear 358–359, 17–22 (2016)
Kim, S.J., Hyung Cho, M., Hyung Cho, K., Jang, H.: Complementary effects of solid lubricants in the automotive brake lining. Tribol. Int. 40, 15–20 (2007)
Cho, M.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D., Jang, H.: Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an experimental case study. Wear 258, 1682–1687 (2005)
Kumar, M., Boidin, X., Desplanques, Y., Bijwe, J.: Influence of various metallic fillers in friction materials on hot-spot appearance during stop braking. Wear 270, 371–381 (2011)
Boz, M., Kurt, A.: The effect of Al2O3 on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials. Tribol. Int. 40, 1161–1169 (2007)
Hamid, M.K.A., Stachowiak, G.W., Syahrullail, S.: The effect of external grit particle size on friction coefficients and grit embedment of brake friction material. Proc. Eng. 68, 7–11 (2013)
Matějka, V., Lu, Y., Jiao, L., Huang, L., Martynková, G.S.: Effects of silicon carbide particle sizes on friction-wear properties of friction composites designed for car brake lining applications. Tribol. Int. 43, 144–151 (2010)
Ma, Y., Martynková, G.S., Valášková, M., Matějka, V., Lu, Y.: Effects of ZrSiO4 in non-metallic brake friction materials on friction performance. Tribol. Int. 41, 166–174 (2008)
Ji, Z., Jin, H., Luo, W., et al.: The effect of crystallinity of potassium titanate whisker on the tribological behavior of NAO friction materials. Tribol. Int. 107, 213–220 (2017)
Derradji, M., Ramdani, N., Zhang, T., Wang, J., Feng, T.T., Wang, H., Liu, W.B.: Mechanical and thermal properties of phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide particles. Mater. Des. 71, 48–55 (2015)
Bijwe, J., Aranganathan, N., Sharma, S., Dureja, N., Kumar, R.: Nano-abrasives in friction materials-influence on tribological properties. Wear 296, 693–701 (2012)
Hee, K.W., Filip, P.: Performance of ceramic enhanced phenolic matrix brake lining materials for automotive brake linings. Wear 259, 1088–1096 (2005)
Mutlu, I., Eldogan, O., Findik, F.: Production of ceramic additive automotive brake lining and investigation of its braking characterisation. Ind. Lubr. Tribol. 57, 84–92 (2005)
Saffar, A., Shojaei, A.: Effect of rubber component on the performance of brake friction materials. Wear 274–275, 286–297 (2012)
Glaseser, W.A.: Characterization of Tribological Materials. Harbin Institute of Technology Press, Harbin (2014)
Kragel’skiĭ, I.V., Kombalov, V.S., Dobychin, M.N.: Friction and Wear Calculation Methods. Pergamon Press, New York (1982)
Eriksson, M., Jacobson, S.: Tribological surfaces of organic brake pads. Tribol. Int. 33, 817–827 (2000)
Cai, P., Wang, Y.M., Wang, T.M., Wang, Q.H.: Effect of resins on thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of friction materials. Tribol. Int. 87, 1–10 (2015)
Bijwe, J., Nidhi, M., Majumdar, N., Satapathy, B.K.: Influence of modified phenolic resins on the fade and recovery behavior of friction materials. Wear 259, 1068–1078 (2005)
Cho, K.H., Jang, H., Hong, Y.S., Kim, S.J., Basch, R.H., Fash, J.W.: The size effect of zircon particles on the friction characteristics of brake lining materials. Wear 264, 291–297 (2008)
Barros, L.Y., Neis, P.D., Ferreira, N.F., Pavlak, R.P., Masotti, D., Matozo, L.T., Sukumaran, J., De Baets, P., Andó, M.: Morphological analysis of pad–disc system during braking operations. Wear 352–353, 112–121 (2016)
Fei, J., Luo, W., Huang, J.F., Ouyang, H.B., Xu, Z.W., Yao, C.Y.: Effect of carbon fiber content on the friction and wear performance of paper-based friction materials. Tribol. Int. 87, 91–97 (2015)
Guan, Q.F., Li, G.Y., Wang, H.Y., An, J.: Friction-wear characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced friction material. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 641–643 (2004)
Gopal, P., Dharani, L.R., Blum, F.D.: Load, speed and temperature sensitivities of a carbon-fiber-reinforced phenolic friction material. Wear 181–183, 913–921 (1995)
Fu, H., Liao, B., Qi, F.J., Sun, B.C., Liu, A.P., Ren, D.L.: The application of PEEK in stainless steel fiber and carbon fiber reinforced composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 39, 585–591 (2008)
Österle, W., Dörfel, I., Prietzel, C., Rooch, H., Cristol-Bulthé, A.L., Degallaix, D., Desplanques, Y.: A comprehensive microscopic study of third body formation at the interface between a brake pad and brake disc during the final stage of a pin-on-disc test. Wear 267, 781–788 (2009)
Wang, F.H., Liu, Y.: Mechanical and tribological properties of ceramic-matrix friction materials with steel fiber and mullite fiber. Mater. Des. 57, 449–455 (2014)
Patnaik, A., Kumar, M., Satapathy, B.K., Tomar, B.S.: Performance sensitivity of hybrid phenolic composites in friction braking: effect of ceramic and aramid fibre combination. Wear 269, 891–899 (2010)
Cho, M.H., Cho, K.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D.H., Jang, H.: The role of transfer layers on friction characteristics in the sliding interface between friction materials against gray iron brake disks. Tribol. Lett. 20, 101–108 (2005)
Bijwe, J., Kumar, M.: Optimization of steel wool contents in non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction composites for best combination of thermal conductivity and tribo-performance. Wear 263, 1243–1248 (2007)
Blau, P.J., McLaughlin, J.C.: Effects of water films and sliding speed on the frictional behavior of truck disc brake materials. Tribol. Int. 36, 709–715 (2003)
Eriksson, M., Lord, J., Jacobson, S.: Wear and contact conditions of brake pads: dynamical in situ studies of pad on glass. Wear 249, 272–278 (2001)
Fischer, T.E.: Friction and wear of ceramics. Tribol. Int. 100, 333–353 (1984)
Hsu, S.M., Shen, M.: Wear prediction of ceramics. Wear 256, 867–878 (2004)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Program) of China under Grant Number SS2015AA042502.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, W., Zhou, W., Liu, J. et al. Development of a Composite Friction Material with Excellent Fade Resistance by Employing Oversized Ceramic Particles. Tribol Lett 66, 22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-017-0974-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-017-0974-x