Abstract
The present study evaluates the tribological properties of boride layers on the surface of AISI 4140 steel, formed using the pack-boriding method. Commercial EKabor®2 was used as the boronizing agent and the treatment was carried out at 900, 950, 1000, and 1050 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microhardness tests were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure, and local hardness, respectively, of the borided steel samples. Block-on-disc tests were used to investigate tribological properties. Abrasive wear tests were carried out using emery paper at a fixed sliding speed and three different loads. Adhesive wear tests were executed against AISI 52100 steel at a fixed load and distance. The coefficient of friction values (COF) of the samples were determined simultaneously during the tests. The weight loss and COF of the borided samples were compared with untreated samples and the results suggest that both wear resistance and friction properties of the AISI 4140 steel improve with boriding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Keddam, M., Chentouf, S.M.: A diffusion model for describing the bilayer growth (FeB/Fe2B) during the iron powder-pack boriding. Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 393–399 (2005)
Sen, U., Sen, S., Yilmaz, F.: An evaluation of some properties of borides deposited on boronized ductile iron. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 148, 1–7 (2004)
Kulka, M., Pertek, A.: The importance of carbon content beneath iron borides after boriding of chromium and nickel-based low-carbon steel. Appl. Surf. Sci. 214, 161–171 (2003)
Cabeo, E.R., Laudien, G., Biemer, S., Rie, K.T., Hoppe, S.: Plasma-assisted boriding of industrial components in a pulsed D.C. glow discharge. Surf. Coat. Technol. 116–119, 229–233 (1999)
Campos, I., Ramírez, G., Figueroa, U., Martínez, J., Morales, O.: Evaluation of boron mobility on the phases FeB, Fe2B and diffusion zone in AISI 1045 and M2 steels. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 3469–3475 (2007)
Ozdemir, O., Omar, M.A., Usta, M., Zeytin, S., Bindal, C., Ucisik, A.H.: An investigation on boriding kinetics of AISI 316 stainless steel. Vacuum 83, 175–179 (2009)
Lin, Y.C., Chen, M.-S., Zhong, J.: Effects of deformation temperatures on stress/strain distribution and microstructural evolution of deformed 42CrMo steel. Mater. Des. 30, 908–913 (2009)
Sen, S., Sen, U., Bindal, C.: Tribological properties of oxidised boride coatings grown on AISI 4140 steel. Mater. Lett. 60, 3481–3486 (2006)
Küper, A., Qiao, X., Stock, H.R., Mayr, P.: A novel approach to gas boronizing. Surf. Coat. Technol. 130, 87–94 (2000)
Sen, S., Sen, U., Bindal, C.: The growth kinetics of borides formed on boronized AISI 4140 steel. Vacuum 77, 195–202 (2005)
Atık, E., Yunker, U., Merıç, C.: The effects of conventional heat treatment and boronizing on abrasive wear and corrosion of SAE 1010, SAE 1040, D2 and 304 steels. Tribol. Int. 36, 155–161 (2003)
Taktak, S.: Tribological behaviour of borided bearing steels at elevated temperatures. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 2230–2239 (2006)
Ulutan, M.: Investigation of mechanical behaviours of AISI4140 steel after surface hardening and coating processes. Doctoral dissertation (in Turkish), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University (2007)
Selçuk, B., Ipek, R., Karamış, M.B.: A study on friction and wear behaviour of carburized, carbonitrided and borided AISI 1020 and 5115 steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 141, 189–196 (2003)
İpek, R., Selçuk, B., Karamiş, M.B., Kuzucu, V., Yücel, A.: An evaluation of the possibilities of using borided GG25 cast iron instead of chilled GG25 cast iron (surface properties). J. Mater. Process. Technol. 105, 73–79 (2000)
Er, U., Par, B.: Wear of plowshare components in SAE 950C steel surface hardened by powder boriding. Wear 261, 251–255 (2006)
Meric, C., Sahin, S., Backir, B., Koksal, N.S.: Investigation of the boronizing effect on the abrasive wear behavior in cast irons. Mater. Des. 27, 751–757 (2006)
Campos, I., Farah, M., López, N., Bermúdez, G., Rodríguez, G., VillaVelázquez, C.: Evaluation of the tool life and fracture toughness of cutting tools boronized by the paste boriding process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 2967–2974 (2008)
Martini, C., Palombarini, G., Poli, G., Prandstraller, D.: Sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of boride coatings. Wear 256, 608–613 (2004)
Ozbek, I., Bindal, C.: Mechanical properties of boronized AISI W4 steel. Surf. Coat. Technol. 154, 14–20 (2002)
Sinha, A.K.: Boriding (boronizing). In: Heat Treating (Section: Surface Hardening of Steel), vol. 4, ASM Handbook, pp. 437–447. ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio (1991)
Petrova, R.S., Suwattananont, N., Samardzic, V.: The effect of boronizing on metallic alloys for automotive applications. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 17(3), 340–345 (2008)
Sedlǎcek, M., Podgornik, B., Vižintin, J.: Influence of surface preparation on roughness parameters, friction and wear. Wear 266, 482–487 (2009)
Cho, C.-W., Lee, Y.-Z.: Friction transition diagram considering the effects of oxide layer formed on wear track of AISI 1045 steel disk against TiN coated AISI 52100 steel ball in sliding. Surf. Coat. Technol. 179, 1–9 (2004)
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by Eskisehir Osmangazi University Research Council, project number 200315015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ulutan, M., Yildirim, M.M., Çelik, O.N. et al. Tribological Properties of Borided AISI 4140 Steel with the Powder Pack-Boriding Method. Tribol Lett 38, 231–239 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9597-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9597-1