Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Finger Friction Measurements on Coated and Uncoated Printing Papers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A macroscopic finger friction device consisting of a piezoelectric force sensor was evaluated on 21 printing papers of different paper grades and grammage. Friction between a human finger and the 21 papers was measured and showed that measurements with the device can be used to discriminate a set of similar surfaces in terms of finger friction. When comparing the friction coefficients, the papers group according to paper grade and the emerging trend is that the rougher papers have a lower friction coefficient than smoother papers. This is interpreted in terms of a larger contact area in the latter case. Furthermore, a decrease in friction coefficient is noted for all papers on repeated stroking (15 cycles back and forth with the finger). Complementary experiments indicate that both mechanical and chemical modifications of the surface are responsible for this decrease: (1) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that lipid material is transferred from the finger to the paper surface, (2) repeated finger friction measurements on the same paper sample reveal that only partial recovery of the frictional behaviour occurs and (3) profilometry measurements before and after stroking indicate small topographical changes associated with repeated frictional contacts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bergmann Tiest, W.M., Kappers, A.M.L.: Analysis of haptic perception of materials by multidimensional scaling and physical measurements of roughness and compressibility. Acta Psychol. 121(1), 1–20 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bobjer, O.: Friction and discomfort in the design and use of hand tools. Doctor of Philosophy, Loughborough University of Technology (2004)

  3. Sivamani, R.K., Goodman, J., Gitis, N.V., Maibach, H.I.: Coefficient of friction: tribological studies in man—an overview. Skin Res. Technol. 9(3), 227–234 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gitis, N., Sivamani, R.: Tribometrology of skin. Tribol. Trans. 47(4), 461–469 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gee, M.G., Tomlins, P., Calver, A., Darling, R.H., Rides, M.: A new friction measurement system for the frictional component of touch. Wear 259, 1437–1442 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Childs, T.H.C., Henson, B.: Human tactile perception of screen-printed surfaces: self-report and contact mechanics experiments. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.: J. Eng. Tribol. 221(J3), 427–441 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu, X., Yue, Z., Cai, Z., Chetwynd, D.G., Smith, S.T.: Quantifying touch-feel perception: tribological aspects. Meas. Sci. Technol. 19(8), article no. 084007 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Derler, S., Schrade, U., Gerhardt, L.-C.: Tribology of human skin and mechanical skin equivalents in contact with textiles. Wear 263, 1112–1116 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gerhardt, L.C., Schiller, A., Muller, B., Spencer, N.D., Derler, S.: Fabrication, characterisation and tribological investigation of artificial skin surface lipid films. Tribol. Lett. 34(2), 81–93 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lewis, R., Menardi, C., Yoxall, A., Langley, J.: Finger friction: grip and opening packaging. Wear 263, 1124–1132 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tomlinson, S.E., Lewis, R., Carre, M.J.: The effect of normal force and roughness on friction in human finger contact. Wear 267, 1311–1318 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen, X., Barnes, C.J., Childs, T.H.C., Henson, B., Shao, F.: Materials’ tactile testing and characterisation for consumer products’ affective packaging design. Mater. Des. 30(10), 4299–4310 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Darden, M.A., Schwartz, C.J.: Investigation of skin tribology and its effects on the tactile attributes of polymer fabrics. Wear 267, 1289–1294 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tomlinson, S.E., Lewis, R., Carré, M.J.: Review of the frictional properties of finger-object contact when gripping. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.: J. Eng. Tribol. 221(J8), 841–850 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Derler, S., Gerhardt, L.C., Lenz, A., Bertaux, E., Hadad, M.: Friction of human skin against smooth and rough glass as a function of the contact pressure. Tribol. Int. 42(11–12), 1565 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gerhardt, L.-C., Strassle, V., Lenz, A., Spencer, N.D., Derler, S.: Influence of epidermal hydration on the friction of human skin against textiles. J. R. Soc. Interface 5(28), 1317–1328 (2008)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gerhardt, L.-C., Lenz, A., Spencer, N.D., Münzer, T., Derler, S.: Skin-textile friction and skin elasticity in young and aged persons. Skin Res. Technol. 15(3), 288–298 (2009)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Johansson, A., Fellers, C., Gunderson, D., Haugen, U.: Paper friction—influence of measurement conditions. TAPPI J. 81(5), 175–183 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gurnagul, N., Ouchi, M.D., Dunlop-Jones, N., Sparkes, D.G., Wearing, J.T.: Factors affecting the coefficient of friction of paper. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 46(5), 805–814 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fellers, C., Backstrom, M., Htun, M., Lindholm, G.: Paper-to-paper friction—paper structure and moisture. Nord. Pulp Paper Res. 13(3), 225–232 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Garoff, N.: The friction between paper surfaces. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (2002)

  22. Garoff, N., Fellers, C., Nilvebrant, N.O.: Friction hysteresis of paper. Wear 256(1–2), 190–196 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hagman, L.A., Olofsson, U.: A model for micro-slip between flat surfaces based on deformation of ellipsoidal elastic asperities—parametric study and experimental investigation. Tribol. Int. 31(4), 209–217 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Soneda, T., Nakano, K.: Investigation of the vibration detectability of human fingers supported by the observation of contact zones. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Tribology (iCAT 2008), Singapore, 3–5 December 2008

  25. Hulten, A.H., Basta, J., Larsson, P., Ernstsson, M.: Comparison of different XPS methods for fiber surface analysis. Holzforschung 60(1), 14–19 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wagberg, P., Johansson, P.A.: Surface profilometry—a comparison between optical and mechanical sensing on printing papers. TAPPI J. 76(12), 115–121 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sato, J., de Silveira, G., Hutchings, I.M.: Measurement of the friction of paper by the strip-on-drum method. Tribol. Int. 30(9), 633–640 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Lyne, B.: Wetting and the Penetration of Liquids into Paper. Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper, pp. 302–303. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Aslund, P., Johansson, P.A., Blohm, E.: Photometric method for dynamic measurements of paper roughening after a moistening printing nip. Nord. Pulp Paper Res. 19(4), 460–465 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Agache, P., Humbert, P.: Book Measuring the Skin—Non-Invasive Investigations, Physiology, Normal Constants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2003)

Download references

Acknowledgements

Support for this study was provided by the Institute Excellence Centre CODIRECT (Controlled Delivery and Release Centre), which is sponsored by Vinnova, The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, The Knowledge Foundation and Industry. M.W.R. is a fellow of the Swedish Science Council. Thanks are given to Jens Wahlström at the Department of Machine Design at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) for help regarding the MATLAB script, and also to Marie Ernstsson at the Institute for Surface Chemistry (YKI), for suggesting and analysing the XPS experiments and to Mikael Sundin at YKI, who performed them. The grant from Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation for the XPS instrument is gratefully acknowledged. We also extend our thanks to Professor Bruce Lyne, for interesting discussions during the course of the study, and for feedback on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lisa Skedung & Mark W. Rutland

  2. Institute for Surface Chemistry (YKI), P.O. Box 5607, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lisa Skedung, Katrin Danerlöv & Mark W. Rutland

  3. Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Brinellvägen 83, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ulf Olofsson

  4. Oy Keskuslaboratorio – Centrallaboratorium Ab (KCL), P.O. Box 70, 02151, Espoo, Finland

    Maiju Aikala, Kari Niemi & John Kettle

Authors
  1. Lisa Skedung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katrin Danerlöv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ulf Olofsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maiju Aikala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kari Niemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. John Kettle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mark W. Rutland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark W. Rutland.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Skedung, L., Danerlöv, K., Olofsson, U. et al. Finger Friction Measurements on Coated and Uncoated Printing Papers. Tribol Lett 37, 389–399 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9538-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9538-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation